Nendza Monika
Analytisches Laboratorium, Bahnhofstrasse 1, 24816 Luhnstedt, Germany.
Mar Pollut Bull. 2007 Aug;54(8):1190-6. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2007.04.009. Epub 2007 Jun 5.
Non-eroding silicone-based coatings can effectively reduce fouling of ship hulls and are an alternative to biocidal and heavy metal-based antifoulings. The products, whose formulations and make up are closely guarded proprietary knowledge, consist of a silicone resin matrix and may contain unbound silicone oils (1-10%). If these oils leach out, they can have impacts on marine environments: PDMS are persistent, adsorb to suspended particulate matter and may settle into sediment. If oil films build up on sediments, infiltration may inhibit pore water exchange. PDMS do not bioaccumulate in marine organisms and soluble fractions have low toxicity to aquatic and benthic organisms. At higher exposures, undissolved silicone oil films or droplets can cause physical-mechanic effects with trapping and suffocation of organisms. These 'new' effects are not covered by current assessment schemes. PDMS make the case that very low water solubility and bioavailability do not necessarily preclude damage to marine environments.
非侵蚀性有机硅基涂层可有效减少船体污垢，是杀生剂和重金属基防污涂料的替代品。这些产品的配方和组成是严格保密的专有知识，由有机硅树脂基体组成，可能含有未结合的硅油（1-10%）。如果这些油渗出，它们可能会对海洋环境产生影响：聚二甲基硅氧烷具有持久性，会吸附到悬浮颗粒物上，并可能沉淀到沉积物中。如果沉积物上形成油膜，渗透可能会抑制孔隙水交换。聚二甲基硅氧烷不会在海洋生物体内生物累积，其可溶部分对水生生物和底栖生物的毒性较低。在较高暴露水平下，未溶解的硅油膜或液滴会对生物造成物理机械作用，导致生物被困和窒息。这些“新”影响未被当前的评估方案涵盖。聚二甲基硅氧烷表明，极低的水溶性和生物利用度并不一定能避免对海洋环境造成损害。
