Underwood G
School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
Ergonomics. 2007 Aug;50(8):1235-49. doi: 10.1080/00140130701318707.
Inexperienced drivers are particularly vulnerable to road traffic accidents, and inattention emerges as a factor in these accidents. What do these drivers attend to and how can their observation skills be developed? When drivers scan the road around them, differences are observed as function of driving experience and training, with experienced drivers increasing their visual scanning on roadways of increasing complexity. Trained police drivers showed this effect of increased scanning even more than experienced drivers. This suggests that the driver's understanding of the task develops with experience, such that roads that demand increased monitoring (e.g. interweaving traffic on a multi-lane highway) receive more extensive scanning than roads that are simpler (e.g. light traffic on a straight rural road). Novice drivers do not show this sensitivity to road complexity, suggesting that they fail to attend to potential dangers involving the behaviour of other road users. Encouragingly, a simple training intervention can increase the visual scanning of novices.
经验不足的司机特别容易发生道路交通事故，注意力不集中是这些事故的一个因素。这些司机关注什么，以及如何培养他们的观察技能？当司机扫视周围道路时，会观察到根据驾驶经验和培训的不同而产生的差异，经验丰富的司机在道路复杂性增加时会增加他们的视觉扫视。训练有素的警察司机比经验丰富的司机更能体现出这种增加扫视的效果。这表明司机对任务的理解随着经验的积累而发展，因此需要更多监控的道路（例如多车道高速公路上交织的交通）比更简单的道路（例如乡村直道上的轻交通）会得到更广泛的扫视。新手司机对道路复杂性没有这种敏感性，这表明他们没有注意到涉及其他道路使用者行为的潜在危险。令人鼓舞的是，一个简单的训练干预可以增加新手的视觉扫视。
