MacCumber M W, Jampel H D, Snyder S H
Wilmer Ophthalmological Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md.
Arch Ophthalmol. 1991 May;109(5):705-9. doi: 10.1001/archopht.1991.01080050121041.
Endothelins (ETs) are a family of potent vasoactive peptides present in the eye. In the rabbit eye, both ET-1 and ET-3 are present in high concentrations in the iris and ciliary body and in lower concentrations elsewhere. Forty-eight hours after injection of 2.5 micrograms of ET-1 and ET-3 into the anterior vitreous of conscious rabbits, intraocular pressure was reduced by 43% and 45%, respectively, and did not return to normal for at least 5 days. The decrease in intraocular pressure was not due to increased aqueous outflow and was not prevented by pretreatment with indomethacin. Injection of either ET-1 or ET-3 (2.5 to 10 micrograms) into the anterior chamber or posterior vitreous cavity resulted in marked vasoconstriction, which was initiated within seconds and persisted for greater than 4 hours. Both endothelins potently constricted the pupil when added to freshly excised rabbit anterior segments. Endothelins are therefore potential participants in the local regulation of intraocular pressure, ocular blood vessel tone, and iris smooth muscle tone and may be important mediators in ocular pathologic conditions. Endothelins at pharmacologic doses may be useful in the control of intraocular pressure or blood flow.
内皮素（ETs）是一类存在于眼部的强效血管活性肽家族。在兔眼中，ET-1和ET-3在虹膜和睫状体中浓度很高，在其他部位浓度较低。向清醒兔的前玻璃体注射2.5微克ET-1和ET-3后48小时，眼内压分别降低了43%和45%，并且至少5天未恢复正常。眼内压降低并非由于房水流出增加，且吲哚美辛预处理不能阻止这种降低。向前房或后玻璃体腔注射ET-1或ET-3（2.5至10微克）会导致明显的血管收缩，在数秒内开始并持续超过4小时。将两种内皮素添加到新鲜切除的兔眼前节时，均能强烈收缩瞳孔。因此，内皮素可能参与眼内压、眼部血管张力和虹膜平滑肌张力的局部调节，并且可能是眼部病理状况的重要介质。药理剂量的内皮素可能有助于控制眼内压或血流量。
