Pincus Theodore
Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
Bull NYU Hosp Jt Dis. 2007;65(2):150-60.
Rheumatic diseases differ from many chronic diseases in that no single measure provides a gold standard for diagnosis, prognosis, monitoring, and documentation of changes over long periods. Therefore, pooled indices of several measures have been developed, such as the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) Core Data Set and disease activity score (DAS) for rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index (SLEDAI), Bath ankylosing spondylitis disease activity index (BASDAI), and others. Quantitative clinical rheumatology measures and indices are used primarily in clinical trials and other research studies, but generally not in standard clinical care, which usually is conducted without quantitative data, other than laboratory tests, often with noncontributory, false positive, or false negative results. Measures designed for research often are lengthy, not easily scored, and not designed to add to standard patient care. By contrast, measures designed for standard care are short, easily scored, and useful to monitor patient status at each visit. Some research measures have been adapted for standard care, such as the multidimensional health assessment questionnaire (MDHAQ) derived from the HAQ, which includes an index of the three RA core data set measures (physical function, pain, and global estimate), also known as routine assessment of patient index data 3 (RAPID 3). RAPID 3 can be scored in 10 sec, compared to 90 sec for a 28-joint count, and 40 sec for a standard HAQ. The MDHAQ is useful in all rheumatic diseases by saving time, documenting changes in status over long periods, and by improving rheumatology care and outcomes.
风湿性疾病与许多慢性疾病不同,因为没有单一的指标能为长期的诊断、预后、监测及记录病情变化提供金标准。因此,已经开发了多种指标的汇总指数,如美国风湿病学会(ACR)核心数据集和类风湿关节炎(RA)的疾病活动评分(DAS)、系统性红斑狼疮疾病活动指数(SLEDAI)、巴斯强直性脊柱炎疾病活动指数(BASDAI)等。定量临床风湿病指标主要用于临床试验和其他研究,但一般不用于标准临床护理,标准临床护理通常在没有定量数据的情况下进行,除了实验室检查,而实验室检查常出现无参考价值、假阳性或假阴性结果。为研究设计的指标通常冗长、不易评分,且并非为了增加标准患者护理内容而设计。相比之下,为标准护理设计的指标简短、易于评分,且有助于每次就诊时监测患者状况。一些研究指标已被改编用于标准护理,例如从健康评估问卷(HAQ)衍生而来的多维健康评估问卷(MDHAQ),它包括RA核心数据集三项指标(身体功能、疼痛和整体评估)的指数,也称为患者指数数据常规评估3(RAPID 3)。RAPID 3在10秒内即可评分,相比之下,28个关节计数需90秒,标准HAQ需40秒。MDHAQ通过节省时间、记录长期病情变化以及改善风湿病护理和治疗效果,对所有风湿性疾病都很有用。