Orfanos Philippos, Naska Androniki, Trichopoulos Dimitrios, Slimani Nadia, Ferrari Pietro, van Bakel Marit, Deharveng Genevieve, Overvad Kim, Tjønneland Anne, Halkjaer Jytte, Santucci de Magistris Maria, Tumino Rosario, Pala Valeria, Sacerdote Carlotta, Masala Giovanna, Skeie Guri, Engeset Dagrun, Lund Eiliv, Jakszyn Paula, Barricarte Aurelio, Chirlaque Maria-Dolores, Martinez-Garcia Carmen, Amiano Pilar, Quirós J Ramon, Bingham Sheila, Welch Ailsa, Spencer Elizabeth A, Key Timothy J, Rohrmann Sabine, Linseisen Jakob, Ray Jennifer, Boeing Heiner, Peeters Petra H, Bueno-de-Mesquita H Bas, Ocke Marga, Johansson Ingegerd, Johansson Gerd, Berglund Göran, Manjer Jonas, Boutron-Ruault Marie-Christine, Touvier Mathilde, Clavel-Chapelon Françoise, Trichopoulou Antonia
Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Athens Medical School, 75 Mikras Asias Street, Athens 11527, Greece.
Public Health Nutr. 2007 Dec;10(12):1515-25. doi: 10.1017/S1368980007000171. Epub 2007 Jun 21.
To compare the average out-of-home (OH) consumption of foods and beverages, as well as energy intake, among populations from 10 European countries and to describe the characteristics of substantial OH eaters, as defined for the purpose of the present study, in comparison to other individuals.
Cross-sectional study. Dietary data were collected through single 24-hour dietary recalls, in which the place of consumption was recorded. For the present study, substantial OH eaters were defined as those who consumed more than 25% of total daily energy intake at locations other than the household premises. Mean dietary intakes and the proportion of substantial OH eaters are presented by food group and country. Logistic regression analyses were used to estimate the odds of being a substantial OH eater in comparison to not being one, using mutually adjusted possible non-dietary determinants.
Ten European countries participating in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC).
The subjects were 34 270 individuals, 12 537 men and 21 733 women, aged 35-74 years.
The fraction of energy intake during OH eating was generally higher in northern European countries than in the southern ones. Among the food and beverage groups, those selectively consumed outside the home were coffee/tea/waters and sweets and, to a lesser extent, cereals, meats, added lipids and vegetables. Substantial OH eating was positively associated with energy intake and inversely associated with age and physical activity. Substantial OH eating was less common among the less educated compared with the more educated, and more common during weekdays in central and north Europe and during the weekend in south Europe.
Eating outside the home was associated with sedentary lifestyle and increased energy intake; it was more common among the young and concerned in particular coffee/tea/waters and sweets.
比较10个欧洲国家人群的外出就餐时食品和饮料的平均消费量以及能量摄入量，并描述为本研究目的所定义的大量外出就餐者与其他个体相比的特征。
横断面研究。通过单次24小时饮食回顾收集饮食数据，记录消费地点。在本研究中，大量外出就餐者定义为那些在家以外场所摄入的能量超过每日总能量摄入量25%的人。按食物类别和国家列出平均饮食摄入量和大量外出就餐者的比例。使用逻辑回归分析，通过相互调整可能的非饮食决定因素，估计成为大量外出就餐者与未成为大量外出就餐者相比的几率。
参与欧洲癌症与营养前瞻性调查（EPIC）的10个欧洲国家。
34270名个体，其中12537名男性和21733名女性，年龄在35 - 74岁之间。
北欧国家外出就餐时能量摄入的比例通常高于南欧国家。在食品和饮料类别中，在家以外选择性消费的是咖啡/茶/水和糖果，在较小程度上还有谷物、肉类、添加脂肪和蔬菜。大量外出就餐与能量摄入呈正相关，与年龄和身体活动呈负相关。与受教育程度较高者相比，大量外出就餐在受教育程度较低者中不太常见，在中欧和北欧的工作日以及南欧的周末更为常见。
外出就餐与久坐不动的生活方式和能量摄入增加有关；在年轻人中更为常见，尤其涉及咖啡/茶/水和糖果。
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