Roblin Lynn
Eatwrite Communications, 410 Brook Place, Oakville, ON.
Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2007 Aug;32(4):635-45. doi: 10.1139/H07-046.
The need has never been greater to support healthy eating and physical activity in children and youth; the numbers of overweight and obese children have doubled and tripled, respectively, over the past 3 decades. Poor eating habits, including inadequate intake of vegetables, fruit, and milk, and eating too many high-calorie snacks, play a role in childhood obesity. Grain products provide the highest percentage (31%) of daily calories, followed by "other foods," which have limited nutritional value (22% of daily calories). Snacks account for 27% of total daily calories, which is more than the calories consumed at breakfast (18%) and lunch (24%), but not dinner (31%). For Canadians older than 4 years of age, more than 41% of daily snack calories come from other foods, such as chips, chocolate bars, soft drinks, fruit drinks, sugars, syrup, preserves, fats, and oils. Habits that protect against childhood obesity include eating more vegetables and fruit, eating meals with family, and being physically active. Children's food habits and choices are influenced by family, caregivers, friends, schools, marketing, and the media. Successful interventions for preventing childhood obesity combine family- and school-based programs, nutrition education, dietary change, physical activity, family participation, and counseling.
支持儿童和青少年健康饮食及体育活动的需求从未如此迫切；在过去三十年里，超重和肥胖儿童的数量分别增加了一倍和两倍。不良饮食习惯，包括蔬菜、水果和牛奶摄入不足，以及食用过多高热量零食，在儿童肥胖中起到了一定作用。谷物产品提供的每日卡路里比例最高（31%），其次是营养价值有限的“其他食物”（占每日卡路里的22%）。零食占每日总卡路里的27%，超过了早餐（18%）和午餐（24%）的卡路里摄入量，但低于晚餐（31%）。对于4岁以上的加拿大人来说，每日零食卡路里的41%以上来自其他食物，如薯片、巧克力棒、软饮料、果汁饮料、糖、糖浆、蜜饯、脂肪和油类。预防儿童肥胖的习惯包括多吃蔬菜和水果、与家人一起用餐以及进行体育活动。儿童的饮食习惯和选择受到家庭、照顾者、朋友、学校、营销和媒体的影响。预防儿童肥胖的成功干预措施包括家庭和学校项目、营养教育、饮食改变、体育活动、家庭参与和咨询。
