Anderson Stacey J, Ling Pamela M, Glantz Stanton A
Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, University of California, 530 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143-1390, USA.
Tob Control. 2007 Aug;16(4):275-9. doi: 10.1136/tc.2006.019349.
Federal District Judge Gladys Kessler found that the major American tobacco companies violated the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act, defrauding the public by deceptively marketing "light" cigarettes. Judge Kessler's ruling prohibits the defendant tobacco companies from implying health benefits through using misleading terms such as "light", "mild" or "low-tar", or through other indirect means. This ruling could be interpreted narrowly as simply prohibiting certain words, or could be interpreted broadly as prohibiting implying health benefits by any other means, including colour, numbers or images. It is important to include indirect communications, as tobacco companies easily circumvent narrow advertising bans. A narrow interpretation would be inconsistent with the court's comprehensive factual findings of fraudulent intent by the industry. A broad interpretation of the Order, including existing brands, line extensions and new tobacco products such as potential reduced exposure products that are marketed as "cigarettes", Judge Kessler's order could make a substantial contribution to protecting health.
联邦地区法官格拉迪斯·凯斯勒认定,美国主要烟草公司违反了《反欺诈腐败组织法》,通过欺骗性地推销“淡味”香烟来欺骗公众。凯斯勒法官的裁决禁止被告烟草公司通过使用“淡味”“柔和”或“低焦油”等误导性词汇,或通过其他间接手段暗示健康益处。这一裁决可以狭义地解释为仅仅禁止某些词汇,也可以广义地解释为禁止通过任何其他手段暗示健康益处,包括颜色、数字或图像。将间接传播纳入其中很重要,因为烟草公司很容易规避狭义的广告禁令。狭义解释将与法院关于该行业欺诈意图的全面事实认定不一致。对该命令进行广义解释,包括现有品牌、产品线扩展以及新烟草产品,如作为“香烟”销售的潜在降低暴露产品,凯斯勒法官的命令可能会对保护健康做出重大贡献。