Ekici Mehmet, Ekici Aydanur, Keles Hatice, Akin Ahmet, Karlidag Ali, Tunckol Muge, Kocyigit Pinar
Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Kirikkale University, Faculty of Medicine, Kirikkale, Turkey.
Sleep Med. 2008 Mar;9(3):290-6. doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2007.04.018. Epub 2007 Jul 19.
Risk factors and correlates of snoring and observed apnea in the population are not well known. This study aimed to assess risk factors and correlates of snoring and observed apnea.
Parents and grandparents of students from 20 randomly selected primary schools in urban and rural areas of Kirikkale, Turkey were asked about respiratory diseases, psychological distress and sleep-related disorders, using the Respiratory Questionnaire, Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) scale and Sleep Questionnaire, respectively, which were returned by their children.
Out of 13,225 parents and grandparents of primary school students 12,270 returned the questionnaires, for an overall response rate of 92.7%. Snoring and the observed apnea were more prevalent among subjects from rural than those from urban areas (52.6% vs. 46.6%, odds ratio (OR): 1.2, p<0.001 and 16.2% vs. 10.1%, OR: 1.7, p<0.001, respectively). Exposure to biomass smoke and smoking were associated with an increased risk of snoring and observed apnea, after adjusting for gender, age, body mass index, income and education in the multivariate linear model. In all subjects, increases in performance ability, daytime sleepiness, psychological distress and dyspnea scores observed in categories indicating increases in snoring intensity and observed apnea frequency constituted a trend but did always not reach statistical significance. Lastly, prevalence of traffic accidents, falling asleep at the wheel and morning headaches increased with the increments of snoring intensity and apnea frequency.
Exposure to biomass smoke in rural areas may account for the higher prevalence of snoring and observed apnea. Snoring intensity and observed apnea frequency may increase prevalence of traffic accidents along with many unfavorable symptoms.
人群中打鼾及观察到的呼吸暂停的危险因素和相关因素尚不清楚。本研究旨在评估打鼾及观察到的呼吸暂停的危险因素和相关因素。
分别使用呼吸问卷、医院焦虑抑郁量表（HAD）和睡眠问卷，对从土耳其基尔卡莱城乡随机选取的20所小学的学生的父母和祖父母进行呼吸道疾病、心理困扰和睡眠相关障碍方面的调查，问卷由他们的孩子返还。
在13225名小学生的父母和祖父母中，12270人返还了问卷，总体回复率为92.7%。农村地区受试者的打鼾和观察到的呼吸暂停比城市地区更为普遍（分别为52.6%对46.6%，优势比（OR）：1.2，p<0.001；16.2%对10.1%，OR：1.7，p<0.001）。在多变量线性模型中，在调整了性别、年龄、体重指数、收入和教育因素后，接触生物质烟雾和吸烟与打鼾及观察到的呼吸暂停风险增加相关。在所有受试者中，在表明打鼾强度和观察到的呼吸暂停频率增加的类别中观察到的能力表现、日间嗜睡、心理困扰和呼吸困难评分的增加构成一种趋势，但并非总是具有统计学意义。最后，交通事故、驾车时入睡和早晨头痛的患病率随着打鼾强度和呼吸暂停频率的增加而增加。
农村地区接触生物质烟雾可能是打鼾及观察到的呼吸暂停患病率较高的原因。打鼾强度和观察到的呼吸暂停频率可能会增加交通事故的患病率以及许多不良症状。
