Cornell Amy H, Frick Paul J
Department of Psychology, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70148, USA.
J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol. 2007 Jul-Sep;36(3):305-18. doi: 10.1080/15374410701444181.
This study investigated interactions between children's temperament and parenting styles in their association with measures of guilt and empathy. Participants were 87 predominantly Caucasian, middle-class mothers and their children between the ages of 3 and 5 (M = 4.39, SD = .51). Children nominated by their preschool teachers as being behaviorally inhibited showed higher levels of parent-rated guilt and empathy than uninhibited children, irrespective of the type and quality of parenting they experienced. However, for uninhibited children, greater inconsistent discipline was associated with lower levels of guilt and lower levels of empathy, whereas higher levels of authoritarian parenting were associated with higher levels of guilt. These results support the presence of important interactions between temperament and parenting in explaining two critical dimensions of callous-unemotional traits.
本研究调查了儿童气质与教养方式之间的相互作用，以及它们与内疚感和同理心测量指标之间的关联。参与者为87名主要是白人的中产阶级母亲及其3至5岁的孩子（M = 4.39，SD = 0.51）。被幼儿园教师评定为行为抑制型的儿童，其父母评定的内疚感和同理心水平高于非抑制型儿童，无论他们所经历的教养类型和质量如何。然而，对于非抑制型儿童来说，更多不一致的管教与较低的内疚感和较低的同理心水平相关，而较高水平的专制型教养方式则与较高的内疚感相关。这些结果支持了气质与教养方式之间存在重要相互作用，这有助于解释冷酷无情特质的两个关键维度。
