Diagnostic reference levels for thorax X-ray examinations of paediatric patients.

Based on the Medical Exposure Directive of the European Commission, 97/43/Euratom, The Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority (STUK) in Finland has the responsibility for setting national diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) for the most common radiological examinations. Paediatric patients deserve special attention because of the higher radiation risk compared with adults. The purpose of this paper is to present a method that takes into account patient size when setting DRLs in paediatric patients. The overall data consisted of patient doses collected from six hospitals during the years 1994-2001, and new measurements in two hospitals in 2004. In total, there were 700 chest examinations. The method established by the National Radiological Protection Board (UK) for setting DRLs was not considered feasible in Finnish practice. Patient doses correlated exponentially with the projection thickness, which was measured directly for each patient. Since 1 January 2006, paediatric DRLs for conventional chest examinations have been specified in Finland as a DRL curve by using both dose quantities (entrance surface doses (ESD) and dose-area product (DAP)) as a function of patient projection thickness.