de la Fuente José, Almazán Consuelo, Canales Mario, Pérez de la Lastra José Manuel, Kocan Katherine M, Willadsen Peter
Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078-2007, USA.
Anim Health Res Rev. 2007 Jun;8(1):23-8. doi: 10.1017/S1466252307001193.
Ticks are important ectoparasites of domestic and wild animals, and tick infestations economically impact cattle production worldwide. Control of cattle tick infestations has been primarily by application of acaricides which has resulted in selection of resistant ticks and environmental pollution. Herein we discuss data from tick vaccine application in Australia, Cuba, Mexico and other Latin American countries. Commercial tick vaccines for cattle based on the Boophilus microplus Bm86 gut antigen have proven to be a feasible tick control method that offers a cost-effective, environmentally friendly alternative to the use of acaricides. Commercial tick vaccines reduced tick infestations on cattle and the intensity of acaricide usage, as well as increasing animal production and reducing transmission of some tick-borne pathogens. Although commercialization of tick vaccines has been difficult owing to previous constraints of antigen discovery, the expense of testing vaccines in cattle, and company restructuring, the success of these vaccines over the past decade has clearly demonstrated their potential as an improved method of tick control for cattle. Development of improved vaccines in the future will be greatly enhanced by new and efficient molecular technologies for antigen discovery and the urgent need for a tick control method to reduce or replace the use of acaricides, especially in regions where extensive tick resistance has occurred.
蜱虫是家畜和野生动物重要的体表寄生虫，蜱虫侵扰对全球养牛业造成经济影响。控制牛蜱虫侵扰主要依靠使用杀螨剂，这导致了抗药性蜱虫的出现以及环境污染。在此，我们讨论澳大利亚、古巴、墨西哥和其他拉丁美洲国家蜱虫疫苗应用的数据。基于微小牛蜱Bm86肠道抗原的牛用商业蜱虫疫苗已被证明是一种可行的蜱虫控制方法，它为使用杀螨剂提供了一种经济高效、环境友好的替代方案。商业蜱虫疫苗减少了牛身上的蜱虫侵扰以及杀螨剂的使用强度，同时提高了动物产量并减少了一些蜱传病原体的传播。尽管由于先前抗原发现的限制、在牛身上测试疫苗的费用以及公司重组等原因，蜱虫疫苗的商业化一直很困难，但这些疫苗在过去十年的成功清楚地证明了它们作为一种改进的牛蜱虫控制方法的潜力。未来，新的高效抗原发现分子技术以及对减少或取代杀螨剂使用的蜱虫控制方法的迫切需求，将极大地促进改进疫苗的开发，特别是在蜱虫广泛产生抗药性的地区。
