Clore Gerald L, Palmer Janet E
Department of Psychology University of Virginia.
Cogn Syst Res. 2009 Mar;10(1):21-30. doi: 10.1016/j.cogsys.2008.03.002.
Emotions and moods color cognition. In this article, we outline how emotions affect judgments and cognitive performance of human agents. We argue that affective influences are due, not to the affective reactions themselves, but to the information they carry about value, a potentially useful finding for creators of artificial agents. The kind of influence that occurs depends on the focus of the agent at the time. When making evaluative judgments, for example, agents may experience positive affect as a positive attitude toward a person or object. But when an agent focuses on a cognitive task, positive affect may act like performance feedback, with positive affect giving a green light to cognitive, relational processes. By contrast, negative affect tends to inhibit relational processing, resulting in a more perceptual, stimulus-specific processing. One result is that many textbook phenomena from cognitive psychology occur readily in happy moods, but are inhibited in sad moods.
情绪和心境会影响认知。在本文中，我们概述了情绪如何影响人类主体的判断和认知表现。我们认为，情感影响并非源于情感反应本身，而是源于它们所承载的关于价值的信息，这对人工智能主体的创造者来说可能是一个有用的发现。所产生的影响类型取决于主体当时的关注点。例如，在进行评价性判断时，主体可能会将积极情绪体验为对某个人或物体的积极态度。但当主体专注于一项认知任务时，积极情绪可能会起到绩效反馈的作用，积极情绪为认知、关系处理亮起绿灯。相比之下，消极情绪往往会抑制关系处理，导致更偏向于感知、特定刺激的处理。一个结果是，认知心理学中的许多经典现象在愉快情绪中很容易出现，但在悲伤情绪中则会受到抑制。
