Campbell Tyler A, Long David B
United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Texas Field Station, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, Kingsville, Texas 78363, USA.
J Wildl Dis. 2007 Jul;43(3):485-91. doi: 10.7589/0090-3558-43.3.485.
Within the domestic swine industry there is growing trepidation about the role feral swine (Sus scrofa) play in the maintenance and transmission of important swine diseases. Innovative disease management tools for feral swine are needed. We used field trials conducted in southern Texas from February to March 2006 to compare species-specific visitation and removal rates of fish-flavored and vegetable-flavored baits with and without commercially available raccoon (Procyon lotor) repellent (trial 1) and removal rates of baits deployed in a systematic and cluster arrangement (trial 2). During trial 1, 1) cumulative bait removal rates after four nights ranged from 93% to 98%; 2) bait removal rates by feral swine, raccoons, and collared peccaries (Pecari tajacu) did not differ by treatment; and 3) coyotes (Canis latrans) removed more fish-flavored baits without raccoon repellent and white-tailed deer removed more vegetable-flavored baits without raccoon repellent than expected. During trial 2, feral swine removed fish-flavored baits distributed in a cluster arrangement (eight baits within 5 m2) at a rate greater than expected. Our observed bait removal rates illustrate bait attractiveness to feral swine. However, the diverse assemblage of omnivores in the United States compared with Australia where the baits were manufactured adds complexity to the development of a feral swine-specific baiting system for pharmaceutical delivery.
在国内养猪业中，人们越来越担心野猪（Sus scrofa）在重要猪病的维持和传播中所起的作用。因此需要创新的野猪疾病管理工具。我们于2006年2月至3月在得克萨斯州南部进行了田间试验，以比较有和没有市售浣熊（Procyon lotor）驱避剂的鱼味和蔬菜味诱饵的物种特异性访问率和清除率（试验1），以及以系统排列和集群排列方式部署的诱饵的清除率（试验2）。在试验1期间，1）四个晚上后的累计诱饵清除率在93%至98%之间；2）野猪、浣熊和领西貒（Pecari tajacu）对诱饵的清除率在不同处理之间没有差异；3）郊狼（Canis latrans）清除的没有浣熊驱避剂的鱼味诱饵比预期的多，白尾鹿清除的没有浣熊驱避剂的蔬菜味诱饵比预期的多。在试验2期间，野猪对以集群排列方式分布（5平方米内有八个诱饵）的鱼味诱饵的清除率高于预期。我们观察到的诱饵清除率表明了诱饵对野猪的吸引力。然而，与诱饵生产地澳大利亚相比，美国杂食动物种类繁多，这给开发用于药物投放的野猪专用诱饵系统增加了复杂性。
