Leland David S, Arce Estibaliz, Miller Daniel A, Paulus Martin P
Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, USA.
Biol Psychiatry. 2008 Jan 15;63(2):184-90. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2007.04.031. Epub 2007 Aug 20.
Methamphetamine dependence (MD) is associated with impaired response inhibition and with structural abnormalities and functional hypoactivity in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). The need to inhibit behavior is often forewarned by cues that do not call for immediate inhibition. We sought to determine whether such cues would engage the ACC and improve inhibition in MD individuals.
We used functional MRI to measure ACC activation during performance of a go/nogo response inhibition task in which certain go stimuli (cues) were much more likely than others (noncues) to be followed by nogo trials. Nineteen MD individuals (inpatient treatment, 25-50 days abstinence) were compared with 19 age- and education-matched healthy comparison (HC) subjects.
MD and HC groups had statistically comparable performance, but only MD participants showed an ACC response and lower false alarm rates associated with cues as compared with noncues. Cue-related ACC activity in MD subjects was positively correlated with this cue-related improvement in inhibitory performance.
The ACC, an area associated with error detection and response conflict, may predict the degree to which advance warning may attenuate MD individuals' difficulty with response inhibition.
甲基苯丙胺依赖（MD）与反应抑制受损以及前扣带回皮质（ACC）的结构异常和功能减退有关。抑制行为的需求通常由不要求立即抑制的线索预先警示。我们试图确定此类线索是否会激活MD个体的ACC并改善其抑制能力。
我们使用功能磁共振成像来测量在执行一项“去/不去”反应抑制任务期间ACC的激活情况，在该任务中，某些“去”刺激（线索）比其他刺激（非线索）更有可能随后跟随着“不去”试验。将19名MD个体（住院治疗，禁欲25 - 50天）与19名年龄和教育程度匹配的健康对照（HC）受试者进行比较。
MD组和HC组在统计学上具有可比的表现，但只有MD参与者与非线索相比，显示出ACC反应以及与线索相关的较低误报率。MD受试者中与线索相关的ACC活动与抑制表现中这种与线索相关的改善呈正相关。
ACC是一个与错误检测和反应冲突相关的区域，它可能预测预先警示可减轻MD个体反应抑制困难的程度。
