Eiden Rina D, Edwards Ellen P, Leonard Kenneth E
Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA.
Dev Psychol. 2007 Sep;43(5):1187-201. doi: 10.1037/0012-1649.43.5.1187.
The purpose of this study was to test a conceptual model predicting children's externalizing behavior problems in kindergarten in a sample of children with alcoholic (n = 130) and nonalcoholic (n = 97) parents. The model examined the role of parents' alcohol diagnoses, depression, and antisocial behavior at 12-18 months of child age in predicting parental warmth/sensitivity at 2 years of child age. Parental warmth/sensitivity at 2 years was hypothesized to predict children's self-regulation at 3 years (effortful control and internalization of rules), which in turn was expected to predict externalizing behavior problems in kindergarten. Structural equation modeling was largely supportive of this conceptual model. Fathers' alcohol diagnosis at 12-18 months was associated with lower maternal and paternal warmth/sensitivity at 2 years. Lower maternal warmth/sensitivity was longitudinally predictive of lower child self-regulation at 3 years, which in turn was longitudinally predictive of higher externalizing behavior problems in kindergarten, after controlling for prior behavior problems. There was a direct association between parents' depression and children's externalizing behavior problems. Results indicate that one pathway to higher externalizing behavior problems among children of alcoholics may be via parenting and self-regulation in the toddler to preschool years.
本研究的目的是在一组父母为酗酒者（n = 130）和非酗酒者（n = 97）的儿童样本中，检验一个预测幼儿园儿童外化行为问题的概念模型。该模型考察了儿童12至18个月大时父母的酒精诊断、抑郁和反社会行为在预测儿童2岁时父母的温暖/敏感性方面的作用。假设2岁时父母的温暖/敏感性可预测儿童3岁时的自我调节能力（努力控制和规则内化），而这反过来又有望预测幼儿园阶段的外化行为问题。结构方程模型在很大程度上支持了这一概念模型。儿童12至18个月大时父亲的酒精诊断与2岁时母亲和父亲较低的温暖/敏感性相关。在控制了先前的行为问题后，较低的母亲温暖/敏感性在纵向层面上可预测儿童3岁时较低的自我调节能力，而这反过来又在纵向层面上可预测幼儿园阶段较高的外化行为问题。父母的抑郁与儿童的外化行为问题之间存在直接关联。结果表明，酗酒者子女中出现较高外化行为问题的一条途径可能是在幼儿到学龄前阶段通过养育方式和自我调节能力来实现的。
