Djohan Djohan, Yu Jimmy, Connell Des, Christensen Elizabeth
Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia.
J Toxicol Environ Health A. 2007 Oct;70(19):1594-603. doi: 10.1080/15287390701432384.
A human health risk assessment was performed to evaluate the risks due to chlorobenzenes in the air of residential houses. Chlorobenzenes found in the air in the toilets, rooms, and outdoors of three houses in Brisbane, Australia, were sampled by trapping on Tenax TA and analyzed using an automated thermal desorption (ATD)-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) method. Concentrations of 1,4-dichlorobenzene (1,4-DCB) in the rooms, toilets, and outdoors were used as the exposure concentrations (E), while those in the toilets (microg/m3) were used as the high-exposure concentrations (HE). The exposure concentrations were transformed into exposure doses (EXD(E) and EXD(HE)). Dose-response data from the literature for a range of adverse effects in animals were obtained and exposure doses were expressed as human equivalent dose (HED). The HED values were higher than the EXD(E) and EXD(HE) values for all adverse effects, and a hazard quotient was calculated that indicated a low level of risk with the high-exposure environment. The lifetime average daily doses (LADDs) for a wide range of adverse effects observed in human case studies were estimated and compared to the doses in the high-exposure (HE) situation. Using the Monte Carlo simulation technique the probabilities of risk quotients higher than unity ranged from 0.02 to 0.26. This evaluation indicated that 1,4-DCB posed low risks to general residents; however, for individuals with susceptible characteristics and exposure to elevated 1,4-DCB, the probability of adverse responses was moderate to high.
进行了一项人体健康风险评估，以评估住宅空气中氯苯造成的风险。通过用Tenax TA吸附的方法，对澳大利亚布里斯班三所房屋的卫生间、房间和室外空气中发现的氯苯进行采样，并使用自动热脱附（ATD）-气相色谱/质谱（GC/MS）方法进行分析。将房间、卫生间和室外空气中1,4-二氯苯（1,4-DCB）的浓度用作暴露浓度（E），而将卫生间中的浓度（微克/立方米）用作高暴露浓度（HE）。将暴露浓度转化为暴露剂量（EXD(E)和EXD(HE)）。获取了文献中一系列动物不良反应的剂量反应数据，并将暴露剂量表示为人体等效剂量（HED）。对于所有不良反应，HED值均高于EXD(E)和EXD(HE)值，并计算了危害商，结果表明在高暴露环境下风险水平较低。估计了人体案例研究中观察到的一系列不良反应的终生平均每日剂量（LADDs），并与高暴露（HE）情况下的剂量进行比较。使用蒙特卡罗模拟技术，风险商高于1的概率范围为0.02至0.26。该评估表明，1,4-DCB对普通居民造成的风险较低；然而，对于具有易感特征且暴露于升高的1,4-DCB的个体，出现不良反应的概率为中到高。
