Marcus R F
Institute for Child Study, University of Maryland, College Park 20742.
Genet Soc Gen Psychol Monogr. 1991 Nov;117(4):365-94.
Subjects for this research were 52 foster children (mean ages 7 years, 11 months) and their natural and foster parents. Case history files provided information concerning reasons for placing the children in foster care. Foster parents completed the Parent/Child Reunion Inventory (Marcus, 1988) measuring the "quality of reunion behavior" following separation. Foster mothers also completed the Child Behavior Checklist (Achenbach & Edelbrock, 1983), and measures of adult empathy were collected from both foster parents. Foster care workers rated the quality and intensity of attachment between the child and all parents. Finally, foster children were interviewed concerning their social supports, perception of affection from adults, and the quality of their relationships with adults and friends. Results showed that behavior and school achievement problems were predictable from measures of the quality of attachment with parents. The mean number of behavior problems of foster children were found to be midway between clinical and nonclinical norm groups. Children's perceptions of friends' behavior and degree of control over friends were related to their adjustment. Case history variables were also related to behavior problems and attachment.
本研究的对象是52名寄养儿童（平均年龄为7岁11个月）及其亲生父母和寄养父母。病历档案提供了有关儿童被送入寄养家庭原因的信息。寄养父母完成了《亲子团聚量表》（马库斯，1988年），该量表用于测量分离后“团聚行为的质量”。寄养母亲还完成了《儿童行为量表》（阿肯巴克和埃德尔布罗克，1983年），并收集了两位寄养父母的成人共情测量数据。寄养家庭工作人员对儿童与所有父母之间依恋关系的质量和强度进行了评分。最后，对寄养儿童进行了访谈，了解他们的社会支持、对成人关爱的感知以及他们与成人和朋友关系的质量。结果表明，根据与父母依恋关系质量的测量指标，可以预测行为和学业成绩问题。发现寄养儿童行为问题的平均数量介于临床和非临床常模组之间。儿童对朋友行为的认知以及对朋友的控制程度与他们的适应情况有关。病历变量也与行为问题和依恋关系有关。
