Bourne Lesley T, Marais Debbie, Love Penny
Environment & Health Unit, Medical Research Council of South Africa, Cape Town, South Africa.
Matern Child Nutr. 2007 Oct;3(4):239-50. doi: 10.1111/j.1740-8709.2007.00109.x.
In 1996, a Food and Agricultural Organization/World Health Organization expert panel proposed the development of food-based dietary guidelines (FBDGs) that would be unique and specific to the needs of the populations of different countries. In 1997, a South African FBDG Working Group was initiated to develop a single set of FBDGs aimed at optimal nutrition for all South Africans older than 5 years. Thereafter, additional working groups investigated the development of FBDGs for specific priority groups including HIV/AIDS sufferers, the elderly, pregnant and lactating women and children under 5 years. This resulted in the formation of an expert paediatric FBDG Working Group in 2000, in Cape Town with the task to develop paediatric FBDGs (PFBDGs) for children younger than 5 years. However, it was decided to raise the 5-year-age limit to 7 years, which corresponds to one of the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) cut-offs for both genders and that would cover most pre-schoolers. Ultimately, three age subcategories were identified for developing specific PFBDGs, i.e. 0-6 months, 6-12 months and 12-84 months. In May 2003, after thorough review of the relevant literature, discussions with various stakeholders and pre-testing for comprehensibility, a set of preliminary PFBDGs for each of the subcategories was approved by the Working Group to be subjected to consumer testing. The proposed guidelines were considered to be the most appropriate ones for each age group, based on scientific and local evidence, and were evaluated utilizing qualitative methodologies. The results of these data are presented and discussed below. However, further testing is required for the diverse groups in the country.
1996年，联合国粮食及农业组织/世界卫生组织专家小组提议制定基于食物的膳食指南（FBDGs），这些指南应针对不同国家人群的需求具有独特性和针对性。1997年，南非成立了一个FBDG工作组，旨在制定一套单一的FBDGs，以实现所有5岁以上南非人的最佳营养。此后，其他工作组研究了针对特定优先群体（包括艾滋病毒/艾滋病患者、老年人、孕妇和哺乳期妇女以及5岁以下儿童）的FBDGs的制定。这导致2000年在开普敦成立了一个儿科FBDG专家工作组，其任务是为5岁以下儿童制定儿科FBDGs（PFBDGs）。然而，决定将年龄限制从5岁提高到7岁，这与男女推荐膳食摄入量（RDA）的截止年龄之一相对应，并且涵盖了大多数学龄前儿童。最终，确定了三个年龄子类别以制定特定的PFBDGs，即0 - 6个月、6 - 12个月和12 - 84个月。2003年5月，在对相关文献进行全面审查、与各利益相关者进行讨论并进行可理解性预测试之后，工作组批准了每个子类别一套初步的PFBDGs，以进行消费者测试。根据科学和当地证据，拟议的指南被认为是每个年龄组最合适的指南，并采用定性方法进行了评估。下面将展示和讨论这些数据的结果。然而，该国不同群体还需要进一步测试。
