Triche Elizabeth Westerlund, Hossain Nazli
Yale Women & Children's Center for Blood Disorders, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
Semin Perinatol. 2007 Aug;31(4):240-2. doi: 10.1053/j.semperi.2007.07.013.
Adverse pregnancy outcome from environmental factors may include congenital anomalies, increased risk for miscarriage, preterm delivery, intrauterine growth restriction, and still birth. Apart from adverse pregnancy outcome, there may be effects on the other reproductive functions, like menstrual disorders and infertility. Environmental factors which have been implicated in adverse pregnancy outcome include smoking, video display terminals, anesthetic gases, antineoplastic drugs, and exposure to lead, selenium, and inorganic mercury. Among these, cigarette smoking during pregnancy has been the leading environmental factor for adverse pregnancy outcome. Cigarette smoking during pregnancy continues to be a significant public health concern. Maternal smoking during pregnancy has been associated with low birth weight (<2500 g). Mothers who smoke during pregnancy are twice as likely to give birth to low-birth weight infants. Similarly, air pollution, pesticide exposure, and stress have also been associated with low birth weight and preterm delivery. This review gives an overview of the importance of environmental factors in adverse pregnancy outcome.
环境因素导致的不良妊娠结局可能包括先天性异常、流产风险增加、早产、胎儿宫内生长受限和死产。除不良妊娠结局外，还可能对其他生殖功能产生影响，如月经紊乱和不孕。与不良妊娠结局有关的环境因素包括吸烟、视频显示终端、麻醉气体、抗肿瘤药物以及接触铅、硒和无机汞。其中，孕期吸烟一直是导致不良妊娠结局的主要环境因素。孕期吸烟仍然是一个重大的公共卫生问题。孕期母亲吸烟与低出生体重（<2500克）有关。孕期吸烟的母亲生出低体重婴儿的可能性是不吸烟母亲的两倍。同样，空气污染、接触杀虫剂和压力也与低出生体重和早产有关。本综述概述了环境因素在不良妊娠结局中的重要性。
