Kimura Makoto, Tokai Takeshi, Takahashi-Ando Naoko, Ohsato Shuichi, Fujimura Makoto
Plant & Microbial Metabolic Engineering Research Unit, Discovery Research Institute, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2007 Sep;71(9):2105-23. doi: 10.1271/bbb.70183. Epub 2007 Sep 7.
Trichothecenes are a large family of sesquiterpenoid secondary metabolites of Fusarium species (e.g., F. graminearum) and other molds. They are major mycotoxins that can cause serious problems when consumed via contaminated cereal grains. In the past 20 years, an outline of the trichothecene biosynthetic pathway has been established based on the results of precursor feeding experiments and blocked mutant analyses. Following the isolation of the pathway gene Tri5 encoding the first committed enzyme trichodiene synthase, 10 biosynthesis genes (Tri genes; two regulatory genes, seven pathway genes, and one transporter gene) were functionally identified in the Tri5 gene cluster. At least three pathway genes, Tri101 (separated alone), and Tri1 and Tri16 (located in the Tri1-Tri16 two-gene cluster), were found outside of the Tri5 gene cluster. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the pathways of biosynthesis, the functions of cloned Tri genes, and the evolution of Tri genes, focusing on Fusarium species.
单端孢霉烯族毒素是镰刀菌属（如禾谷镰刀菌）和其他霉菌产生的一大类倍半萜类次生代谢产物。它们是主要的霉菌毒素，通过受污染的谷物摄入时会引发严重问题。在过去20年里，基于前体饲喂实验和阻断突变体分析的结果，已建立了单端孢霉烯族毒素生物合成途径的梗概。在分离出编码首个关键酶单端孢霉烯合酶的途径基因Tri5后，在Tri5基因簇中功能鉴定出了10个生物合成基因（Tri基因；两个调控基因、七个途径基因和一个转运蛋白基因）。至少三个途径基因，即单独分离的Tri101以及位于Tri1-Tri16双基因簇中的Tri1和Tri16，在Tri5基因簇之外被发现。在这篇综述中，我们总结了目前对生物合成途径、已克隆的Tri基因功能以及Tri基因进化的理解，重点关注镰刀菌属。
