Type A Trichothecene Metabolic Profile Differentiation, Mechanisms, Biosynthetic Pathways, and Evolution in Species-A Mini Review.

Trichothecenes are the most common toxins detected in grains and related products. Type A trichothecenes are among the mycotoxins of greatest concern to food and feed safety due to their high toxicity. Recently, two different trichothecene genotypes within species were reported. The available information showed that and genes are the key determinants of the trichothecene profiles of T-2 and DAS genotypes. In this review, polymorphisms in the and genes in the two genotypes were investigated. Meanwhile, the functions of genes involved in DAS and NEO biosynthesis are discussed. The possible biosynthetic pathways of DAS and NEO are proposed in this review, which will facilitate the understanding of the synthesis process of trichothecenes in strains and may also inspire researchers to design and conduct further research. Together, the review provides insight into trichothecene profile differentiation and gene evolutionary processes responsible for the structural diversification of trichothecene produced by .