Magnuson B A, Burdock G A, Doull J, Kroes R M, Marsh G M, Pariza M W, Spencer P S, Waddell W J, Walker R, Williams G M
Burdock Group, Washington, DC, USA.
Crit Rev Toxicol. 2007;37(8):629-727. doi: 10.1080/10408440701516184.
Aspartame is a methyl ester of a dipeptide used as a synthetic nonnutritive sweetener in over 90 countries worldwide in over 6000 products. The purpose of this investigation was to review the scientific literature on the absorption and metabolism, the current consumption levels worldwide, the toxicology, and recent epidemiological studies on aspartame. Current use levels of aspartame, even by high users in special subgroups, remains well below the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and European Food Safety Authority established acceptable daily intake levels of 50 and 40 mg/kg bw/day, respectively. Consumption of large doses of aspartame in a single bolus dose will have an effect on some biochemical parameters, including plasma amino acid levels and brain neurotransmitter levels. The rise in plasma levels of phenylalanine and aspartic acid following administration of aspartame at doses less than or equal to 50 mg/kg bw do not exceed those observed postprandially. Acute, subacute and chronic toxicity studies with aspartame, and its decomposition products, conducted in mice, rats, hamsters and dogs have consistently found no adverse effect of aspartame with doses up to at least 4000 mg/kg bw/day. Critical review of all carcinogenicity studies conducted on aspartame found no credible evidence that aspartame is carcinogenic. The data from the extensive investigations into the possibility of neurotoxic effects of aspartame, in general, do not support the hypothesis that aspartame in the human diet will affect nervous system function, learning or behavior. Epidemiological studies on aspartame include several case-control studies and one well-conducted prospective epidemiological study with a large cohort, in which the consumption of aspartame was measured. The studies provide no evidence to support an association between aspartame and cancer in any tissue. The weight of existing evidence is that aspartame is safe at current levels of consumption as a nonnutritive sweetener.
阿斯巴甜是一种二肽的甲酯，在全球90多个国家的6000多种产品中用作合成非营养性甜味剂。本调查的目的是回顾关于阿斯巴甜的吸收与代谢、全球当前消费水平、毒理学以及近期流行病学研究的科学文献。目前阿斯巴甜的使用水平，即使是特殊亚组中的高使用者，仍远低于美国食品药品监督管理局和欧洲食品安全局分别规定的每日可接受摄入量50毫克/千克体重/天和40毫克/千克体重/天。单次大剂量摄入阿斯巴甜会对一些生化参数产生影响，包括血浆氨基酸水平和脑神经递质水平。给予剂量小于或等于50毫克/千克体重的阿斯巴甜后，血浆中苯丙氨酸和天冬氨酸水平的升高不超过餐后观察到的水平。在小鼠、大鼠、仓鼠和狗身上进行的阿斯巴甜及其分解产物的急性、亚急性和慢性毒性研究一直发现，剂量高达至少4000毫克/千克体重/天的阿斯巴甜没有不良影响。对所有关于阿斯巴甜致癌性研究的严格审查发现，没有可信证据表明阿斯巴甜具有致癌性。总体而言，对阿斯巴甜神经毒性作用可能性的广泛调查数据不支持这样的假设，即人类饮食中的阿斯巴甜会影响神经系统功能、学习或行为。关于阿斯巴甜的流行病学研究包括几项病例对照研究和一项精心开展的针对大量队列的前瞻性流行病学研究，其中对阿斯巴甜的摄入量进行了测量。这些研究没有提供证据支持阿斯巴甜与任何组织的癌症之间存在关联。现有证据表明，阿斯巴甜作为非营养性甜味剂在当前消费水平下是安全的。
