Peek-Asa Corinne, Sprince Nancy L, Whitten Paul S, Falb Scott R, Madsen Murray D, Zwerling Craig
Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242-5000, USA.
J Rural Health. 2007 Autumn;23(4):339-47. doi: 10.1111/j.1748-0361.2007.00112.x.
Crash fatality and injury rates are higher on rural roadways than other roadway types. Although slow-moving farm vehicles and equipment are risk factors on rural roads, little is known about the characteristics of crashes with farm vehicles/equipment.
To describe crashes and injuries for the drivers of farm vehicles/equipment and non-farm vehicles involved in an injury crash. Passengers are not included in this analysis.
Injury crashes were included that involved a farm vehicle/equipment and at least one non-farm vehicle reported in Iowa Department of Transportation crash data from 1995 to 2004. Odds ratios were calculated through logistic regression to identify increased odds for injury among drivers of non-farm vehicles and farm vehicles/equipment. We examined frequently occurring crash characteristics to identify crash scenarios leading to the highest odds for injury.
Non-farm vehicle drivers were 5.23 times more likely to be injured than farm vehicle/equipment drivers (95% CI = 4.12-6.46). The absence of restraint use was a significant predictor of injury for both farm vehicle/equipment drivers (OR = 2.85; 95% CI = 1.14-7.13) and non-farm vehicle drivers (OR = 2.53; 95% CI = 1.54-4.15). Crash characteristics increasing the odds of injury for non-farm vehicle drivers included speeding, passing the farm vehicle/equipment, driving on a county road, having a frontal impact collision, and crashing in darkness. Ejection was the strongest predictor of injury for the farm vehicle/equipment driver.
Non-farm vehicle drivers were much more likely to be injured than farm vehicle/equipment drivers, suggesting that farm vehicle/equipment crash prevention should be a priority for all rural road users. Prevention strategies that reduce motor vehicle speed, assist in safe passing, increase seat belt use, and increase conspicuousness of the farm vehicle/equipment are suggested.
农村道路上的撞车死亡率和受伤率高于其他类型的道路。尽管慢速行驶的农用车辆和设备是农村道路上的风险因素，但对于与农用车辆/设备相关的撞车事故特征却知之甚少。
描述涉及受伤撞车事故的农用车辆/设备和非农用车辆驾驶员的撞车事故及受伤情况。本分析不包括乘客。
纳入1995年至2004年爱荷华州交通部撞车数据中涉及农用车辆/设备和至少一辆非农用车辆的受伤撞车事故。通过逻辑回归计算比值比，以确定非农用车辆和农用车辆/设备驾驶员受伤几率的增加情况。我们检查了频繁发生的撞车事故特征，以确定导致受伤几率最高的撞车场景。
非农用车辆驾驶员受伤的可能性是农用车辆/设备驾驶员的5.23倍（95%置信区间=4.12-6.46）。未使用安全带是农用车辆/设备驾驶员（比值比=2.85；95%置信区间=1.14-7.13）和非农用车辆驾驶员（比值比=2.53；95%置信区间=1.54-4.15）受伤的重要预测因素。增加非农用车辆驾驶员受伤几率的撞车事故特征包括超速、超过农用车辆/设备、在县道上行驶、正面碰撞以及在黑暗中撞车。弹射是农用车辆/设备驾驶员受伤的最强预测因素。
非农用车辆驾驶员比农用车辆/设备驾驶员更容易受伤，这表明农用车辆/设备撞车事故预防应成为所有农村道路使用者的首要任务。建议采取降低机动车速度、协助安全超车、增加安全带使用以及提高农用车辆/设备可见性的预防策略。
