Haines Andy, Smith Kirk R, Anderson Dennis, Epstein Paul R, McMichael Anthony J, Roberts Ian, Wilkinson Paul, Woodcock James, Woods Jeremy
London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
Lancet. 2007 Oct 6;370(9594):1264-81. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61257-4.
The absence of reliable access to clean energy and the services it provides imposes a large disease burden on low-income populations and impedes prospects for development. Furthermore, current patterns of fossil-fuel use cause substantial ill-health from air pollution and occupational hazards. Impending climate change, mainly driven by energy use, now also threatens health. Policies to promote access to non-polluting and sustainable sources of energy have great potential both to improve public health and to mitigate (prevent) climate disruption. There are several technological options, policy levers, and economic instruments for sectors such as power generation, transport, agriculture, and the built environment. However, barriers to change include vested interests, political inertia, inability to take meaningful action, profound global inequalities, weak technology-transfer mechanisms, and knowledge gaps that must be addressed to transform global markets. The need for policies that prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate while addressing the energy needs of disadvantaged people is a central challenge of the current era. A comprehensive programme for clean energy should optimise mitigation and, simultaneously, adaption to climate change while maximising co-benefits for health--eg, through improved air, water, and food quality. Intersectoral research and concerted action, both nationally and internationally, will be required.
无法可靠获取清洁能源及其所提供的服务，给低收入人群带来了巨大的疾病负担，并阻碍了发展前景。此外，当前化石燃料的使用模式因空气污染和职业危害导致大量健康问题。主要由能源使用驱动的迫在眉睫的气候变化，如今也威胁着健康。促进获取无污染和可持续能源的政策，在改善公众健康和缓解（预防）气候破坏方面具有巨大潜力。对于发电、交通、农业和建筑环境等领域，有多种技术选择、政策杠杆和经济手段。然而，变革的障碍包括既得利益、政治惰性、无法采取有意义的行动、深刻的全球不平等、薄弱的技术转让机制以及为改变全球市场必须解决的知识差距。在满足弱势群体能源需求的同时，制定防止危险的人为气候干预政策，是当今时代的核心挑战。一项全面的清洁能源计划应优化缓解措施，同时适应气候变化，同时最大限度地提高对健康的协同效益——例如，通过改善空气、水和食品质量。这将需要在国家和国际层面进行跨部门研究和协调行动。
