Kingsnorth Shauna, Healy Helen, Macarthur Colin
Life Skills & Wellness Institute, Bloorview Kids Rehab, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
J Adolesc Health. 2007 Oct;41(4):323-32. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2007.06.007.
With advances in health care, an increasing number of youth with physical disabilities are surviving into adulthood. For youth to reach their full potential, a number of critical life skills must be learned. Specific learning opportunities are important as youth with physical disabilities may be limited in the life experiences necessary to acquire these skills. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of life skill programs emphasizing independent functioning in preparation for adulthood among youth with physical disabilities.
A comprehensive search of electronic databases from 1985 to 2006 was undertaken to identify empirical studies examining the effectiveness of life skill programs for youth and young adults with acquired and congenital physical disabilities. Eligible studies were those with a comparison group and that targeted life skills (as defined by the World Health Organization).
Six studies met the inclusion criteria. All used a multi-component group intervention containing a real-world or role-playing experiential component. Five of the six studies demonstrated short-term improvements in targeted life skills. Conclusions are limited because of heterogeneity of interventions, skill focus, disabilities, and outcome measures with respect to the effectiveness of individual components of the programs.
With more youth with physical disabilities surviving into adulthood, there is a need to ensure that they have the skills to successfully manage life demands. There are relatively few rigorously designed, published studies that have evaluated the effectiveness of life skill programs. Large-sample, randomized, controlled studies are needed.
随着医疗保健的进步，越来越多身体有残疾的青少年存活至成年期。为使青少年充分发挥其潜力，必须学习一些关键的生活技能。特定的学习机会很重要，因为身体有残疾的青少年获取这些技能所需的生活经历可能有限。本研究的目的是确定强调独立功能的生活技能项目对身体有残疾的青少年为成年做准备的有效性。
对1985年至2006年的电子数据库进行全面检索，以识别检验生活技能项目对后天和先天性身体残疾的青少年及青年有效性的实证研究。符合条件的研究是那些设有对照组且以生活技能（如世界卫生组织所定义）为目标的研究。
六项研究符合纳入标准。所有研究都采用了包含现实世界或角色扮演体验成分的多成分小组干预措施。六项研究中的五项显示出目标生活技能的短期改善。由于干预措施、技能重点、残疾情况以及项目各个组成部分有效性的结果测量存在异质性，因此结论有限。
随着越来越多身体有残疾的青少年存活至成年期，有必要确保他们具备成功应对生活需求的技能。评估生活技能项目有效性的经过严格设计并发表的研究相对较少。需要进行大样本、随机、对照研究。
