Tolstrup Janne, Grønbaek Morten
Centre for Alcohol Research, National Institute of Public Health, Øster Farimagsgade 5a, Dk-1399 Copenhagen, Denmark.
Curr Atheroscler Rep. 2007 Aug;9(2):116-24. doi: 10.1007/s11883-007-0007-6.
Light to moderate alcohol intake is known to have cardioprotective properties; however, the magnitude of protection depends on other factors and may be confined to some subsets of the population. This review focuses on factors that modify the relationship between alcohol and coronary heart disease (CHD). The cardioprotective effect of alcohol seems to be larger among middle-aged and elderly adults than among young adults, who do not have a net beneficial effect of a light to moderate alcohol intake in terms of reduced all-cause mortality. The levels of alcohol at which the risk of CHD is lowest and the levels of alcohol at which the risk of CHD exceeds the risk among abstainers are lower for women than for men. The pattern of drinking seems important for the apparent cardioprotective effect of alcohol, and the risk of CHD is generally lower for steady versus binge drinking. Finally, there is some evidence that wine may have more beneficial effects than beer and distilled spirits; however, these results are still controversial and may be confounded by personal characteristics and other lifestyle factors such as diet. The inverse association between alcohol intake and CHD is influenced by age, gender, drinking pattern, and possibly by type of alcohol.
众所周知，适量饮酒具有心脏保护作用；然而，保护程度取决于其他因素，且可能仅限于某些特定人群。本综述重点关注影响酒精与冠心病（CHD）关系的因素。酒精对中老年人的心脏保护作用似乎比对年轻人更大，就降低全因死亡率而言，年轻人适量饮酒并无净有益效果。女性患冠心病风险最低时的酒精摄入量以及冠心病风险超过戒酒者的酒精摄入量水平均低于男性。饮酒模式似乎对酒精明显的心脏保护作用很重要，与暴饮相比，持续饮酒患冠心病的风险通常较低。最后，有证据表明葡萄酒可能比啤酒和蒸馏酒具有更多有益效果；然而，这些结果仍存在争议，可能会受到个人特征和其他生活方式因素（如饮食）的混淆。酒精摄入量与冠心病之间的负相关受年龄、性别、饮酒模式影响，可能还受酒精类型影响。
