Koivisto Mika, Revonsuo Antti
Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Philosophy, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
Psychol Sci. 2007 Oct;18(10):845-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.01989.x.
Inattentional blindness refers to the failure to see an unexpected object that one may be looking at directly when one's attention is elsewhere. We studied whether a stimulus whose meaning is relevant to the attentional goals of the observer will capture attention and escape inattentional blindness. The results showed that an unexpected stimulus belonging to the attended semantic category but not sharing physical features with the attended stimuli was detected more often than a semantically unrelated stimulus. This effect was larger when the unexpected stimuli were words than when they were pictures. The results imply that the semantic relation between the observer's attentional set and the unexpected stimulus plays a crucial role in inattentional blindness: An unexpected stimulus semantically related to the observer's current interests is likely to be seen, whereas unrelated unexpected stimuli are unseen. Attentional selection may thus be driven by purely semantic features: Meaning may determine whether or not one sees a stimulus.
注意力不集中性盲视是指当一个人的注意力在别处时，未能看到其可能正直接注视着的意外物体。我们研究了一种意义与观察者注意力目标相关的刺激是否会吸引注意力并避免注意力不集中性盲视。结果表明，与被关注语义类别相关但与被关注刺激没有共享物理特征的意外刺激，比语义不相关的刺激被检测到的频率更高。当意外刺激是单词时，这种效应比它们是图片时更大。结果表明，观察者的注意力集与意外刺激之间的语义关系在注意力不集中性盲视中起着关键作用：与观察者当前兴趣语义相关的意外刺激很可能被看到，而不相关的意外刺激则看不到。因此，注意力选择可能由纯粹的语义特征驱动：意义可能决定一个人是否看到一个刺激。
