Brown Rachel M, Robertson Edwin M
Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.
J Neurosci. 2007 Sep 26;27(39):10468-75. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2799-07.2007.
The acquisition of declarative (i.e., facts) and procedural (i.e., skills) memories may be supported by independent systems. This same organization may exist, after memory acquisition, when memories are processed off-line during consolidation. Alternatively, memory consolidation may be supported by interactive systems. This latter interactive organization predicts interference between declarative and procedural memories. Here, we show that procedural consolidation, expressed as an off-line motor skill improvement, can be blocked by declarative learning over wake, but not over a night of sleep. The extent of the blockade on procedural consolidation was correlated to participants' declarative word recall. Similarly, in another experiment, the reciprocal relationship was found: declarative consolidation was blocked by procedural learning over wake, but not over a night of sleep. The decrease in declarative recall was correlated to participants' procedural learning. These results challenge the concept of fixed independent memory systems; instead, they suggest a dynamic relationship, modulated by when consolidation takes place, allowing at times for a reciprocal interaction between memory systems.
陈述性（即事实）记忆和程序性（即技能）记忆的获取可能由独立的系统支持。在记忆获取之后，当记忆在巩固过程中进行离线处理时，可能存在相同的组织形式。或者，记忆巩固可能由交互系统支持。后一种交互组织形式预示着陈述性记忆和程序性记忆之间会相互干扰。在此，我们表明，以离线运动技能提升来表示的程序性巩固，在清醒状态下会被陈述性学习所阻断，但在睡眠一晚后则不会。对程序性巩固的阻断程度与参与者的陈述性单词回忆相关。同样，在另一项实验中，也发现了相反的关系：在清醒状态下，程序性学习会阻断陈述性巩固，但在睡眠一晚后则不会。陈述性回忆的减少与参与者的程序性学习相关。这些结果挑战了固定独立记忆系统的概念；相反，它们表明存在一种动态关系，这种关系会因巩固发生的时间而受到调节，有时允许记忆系统之间进行相互作用。
