Hjörleifsdóttir Elísabet, Hallberg Ingalill Rahm, Gunnarsdóttir Elín Díanna, Bolmsjö Ingrid Agren
Department of Nursing Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Akureyri, 600, Akureyri, Iceland.
Support Care Cancer. 2008 May;16(5):515-24. doi: 10.1007/s00520-007-0333-9. Epub 2007 Sep 20.
This qualitative study was set out to explore oncology outpatient experiences of having cancer, to illuminate coping strategies and to explore perceptions of care and service provided while treated for cancer.
Thirty patients undergoing chemotherapy or radiotherapy were consecutively selected for the study in three oncology outpatient clinics in Iceland; mean age was 55 years. All participants gave written consent but five dropped out of the study. Twenty-five semi-structured single interviews were conducted and analysed using manifest and latent content analysis.
The descriptive level of the text could be understood as: (a) getting cancer: alarming experience; (b) coping: balancing life as it was before cancer against present situation to achieve normality; (c) satisfaction: encountering caring behaviour enhances satisfaction and well being. Each of the categories encompassed variation of subcategories. All the categories were summarised in the core category: "Being in the alarming situation of getting cancer evokes a strong need to maintain normality and keep uncertainty at distance with support from caring and sensitive encounters." This reflected patients' overall experiences of being diagnosed with cancer, how they coped and their perception of quality of care while going through treatment.
Reactions to the diagnosis of cancer indicate strong emotional reactions. A strong will to handle the situation and determination to maintain normality in life was prominent. Establishment of positive patient-health care professional relationships, caring encounters, faith, believing in treatment and support from family was highly valued as support and giving hope.
本定性研究旨在探索肿瘤门诊患者患癌后的经历，阐明应对策略，并探究在癌症治疗期间对所提供护理和服务的看法。
在冰岛的三家肿瘤门诊连续选取30名正在接受化疗或放疗的患者进行研究；平均年龄为55岁。所有参与者均签署了书面同意书，但有5人退出了研究。进行了25次半结构化单人访谈，并采用显性和隐性内容分析法进行分析。
文本的描述层面可理解为：（a）患癌：令人惊恐的经历；（b）应对：在患癌前的生活与当前状况之间寻求平衡以实现正常状态；（c）满意度：遇到关怀行为会提高满意度和幸福感。每个类别都包含了子类别的变化。所有类别都总结在核心类别中：“处于患癌的惊恐状况会引发强烈的需求，即在关怀和贴心的接触支持下维持正常状态并远离不确定性。”这反映了患者被诊断出癌症后的总体经历、他们的应对方式以及在接受治疗期间对护理质量的看法。
对癌症诊断的反应表明存在强烈的情绪反应。处理这种情况的强烈意愿和维持生活正常状态的决心很突出。建立积极的患者与医护人员关系、关怀性接触、信念、对治疗的信心以及来自家人的支持被高度重视，视为支持和给予希望的因素。
