Waszak Florian, Hommel Bernhard
Laboratoire Psychologie de la Perception, CNRS and Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.
Mem Cognit. 2007 Jul;35(5):1175-86. doi: 10.3758/bf03193487.
Two lines of research on cross-task priming yield opposite results. Research on repetition priming observed positive priming, whereas research on the role of priming in task-switching observed negative effects. We combined the two types of design. In the transfer phase of our paradigm, subjects performed task B either as a pure block (BBB) or as a switch block (ABAB). We presented items which were either unprimed or primed by prior presentation during a preceding priming phase performed on task A. Amongst others, the priming effect is determined by two factors: First, the more operation time the system needs during the probe event, the higher the likelihood to obtain priming. Protracting operation time by reducing stimulus quality favors positive priming, whereas providing more operation time by making subjects switch between tasks favors negative priming. Second, the strength of the memory trace of the prime event determines whether that trace can possibly yield negative priming, in that only strong traces can be retrieved together with the associated task/response.
关于跨任务启动的两项研究得出了相反的结果。重复启动研究观察到了正向启动，而启动在任务切换中作用的研究则观察到了负向效应。我们将这两种设计结合起来。在我们范式的转换阶段，受试者以纯组块（BBB）或切换组块（ABAB）的形式执行任务B。我们呈现的项目要么未被启动，要么在之前对任务A执行的启动阶段中被先前呈现启动过。其中，启动效应由两个因素决定：第一，系统在探测事件期间所需的操作时间越多，获得启动的可能性就越高。通过降低刺激质量来延长操作时间有利于正向启动，而通过让受试者在任务之间切换来提供更多操作时间则有利于负向启动。第二，启动事件的记忆痕迹强度决定了该痕迹是否可能产生负向启动，因为只有强烈的痕迹才能与相关任务/反应一起被检索出来。
