Department of Psychology, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain.
Appetite. 2012 Feb;58(1):111-6. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2011.09.013. Epub 2011 Sep 29.
This study examined how deprivation of chocolate affects state-level chocolate cravings, mood, and chocolate consumption in high and low trait-level chocolate-cravers. After identifying high and low chocolate cravers (N=58), half of the participants were instructed not to eat any chocolate for 2weeks. This created four experimental groups: deprived high-cravers (n=14), deprived low-cravers (n=14), non-deprived high-cravers (n=15), and non-deprived low-cravers (n=15). Following 2-week deprivation, state-level food cravings, mood, and chocolate intake were measured in a laboratory setting and compared across groups. Analyses revealed that anxiety increased over time for high-cravers (both deprived and non-deprived); state-level chocolate- and food-craving increased over time for both deprived groups and non-deprived high-cravers; non-deprived high-cravers ate the most chocolate; and, high-cravers were more joyful and guilty than low-cravers after eating chocolate in the laboratory. Theoretically, these results suggest that chocolate consumption may be better explained by trait-level of chocolate craving than by deprivation and highlighted significant differences in mood, state-level cravings, and chocolate intake between cravers and non-cravers following deprivation.
这项研究考察了剥夺巧克力对高、低特质巧克力渴望者的州级巧克力渴望、情绪和巧克力消费的影响。在确定了高、低巧克力渴望者（N=58）之后，一半的参与者被要求在 2 周内不要吃任何巧克力。这创造了四个实验组：剥夺的高渴望者（n=14）、剥夺的低渴望者（n=14）、非剥夺的高渴望者（n=15）和非剥夺的低渴望者（n=15）。在 2 周的剥夺之后，在实验室环境中测量了状态级别的食物渴望、情绪和巧克力摄入量，并在组间进行了比较。分析表明，高渴望者（剥夺和非剥夺）的焦虑感随时间增加；两个剥夺组和非剥夺的高渴望者的状态级巧克力和食物渴望随时间增加；非剥夺的高渴望者吃的巧克力最多；在实验室吃巧克力后，高渴望者比低渴望者更快乐和内疚。从理论上讲，这些结果表明，巧克力消费可能更多地由巧克力渴望的特质水平来解释，而不是由剥夺来解释，并强调了剥夺后渴望者和非渴望者之间情绪、状态级渴望和巧克力摄入量的显著差异。
