Ferguson Susan A
Ferguson International, LLC, 1328 Lancia Drive, McLean, VA 22102, USA.
Traffic Inj Prev. 2007 Dec;8(4):329-38. doi: 10.1080/15389580701588949.
Electronic stability control (ESC) is designed to help drivers maintain heading control of their vehicles in high-speed or sudden maneuvers and on slippery roads. The wider proliferation of ESC across the vehicle fleet has allowed evaluation of its effects in real-world crashes in many countries, including Japan, Germany, Sweden, France, Great Britain, and the United States. This article provides a summary of the findings.
Studies that examined the real-world effectiveness of ESC were reviewed. Crash effects have been examined for different roadways, using differing analytic methods, different crash severities, and different make/model vehicles including both cars and SUVs. The review discusses the methodological differences and examines the findings according to vehicle type, crash type and severity, and road conditions.
The overwhelming majority of studies find that ESC is highly effective in reducing single-vehicle crashes in cars and SUVs. Fatal single-vehicle crashes involving cars are reduced by about 30-50% and SUVs by 50-70%. Fatal rollover crashes are estimated to be about 70-90% lower with ESC regardless of vehicle type. A number of studies find improved effectiveness in reducing crashes when road conditions are slippery. There is little or no effect of ESC in all multi-vehicle crashes; however, there is a 17-38% reduction in more serious, fatal multi-vehicle crashes.
Given the extraordinary benefits of ESC in preventing crashes, especially those with more serious outcomes, the implementation of ESC should be accelerated to cover the full range of passenger vehicles in both developed and developing markets.
电子稳定控制系统（ESC）旨在帮助驾驶员在高速行驶、突然转向操作以及在湿滑路面上行驶时保持车辆的行驶方向控制。ESC在整个汽车车队中更广泛的应用，使得在包括日本、德国、瑞典、法国、英国和美国在内的许多国家，能够评估其在现实世界碰撞事故中的效果。本文提供了这些研究结果的总结。
对检验ESC在现实世界中有效性的研究进行了综述。针对不同的道路，使用不同的分析方法、不同的碰撞严重程度以及不同品牌/型号的车辆（包括轿车和运动型多用途汽车（SUV）），对碰撞效果进行了研究。该综述讨论了方法上的差异，并根据车辆类型、碰撞类型和严重程度以及道路状况对研究结果进行了分析。
绝大多数研究发现，ESC在减少轿车和SUV的单车碰撞事故方面非常有效。涉及轿车的致命单车碰撞事故减少了约30%-50%，SUV减少了50%-70%。无论车辆类型如何，配备ESC后，致命翻车事故估计减少约70%-90%。一些研究发现，在湿滑路面条件下，ESC在减少碰撞事故方面的有效性有所提高。ESC对所有多车碰撞事故几乎没有影响；然而，在更严重的致命多车碰撞事故中减少了17%-38%。
鉴于ESC在预防碰撞事故，尤其是那些后果更严重的事故方面具有显著益处，应加快ESC的实施，以覆盖发达市场和发展中市场的所有乘用车。
