The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
Accid Anal Prev. 2010 May;42(3):929-34. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2009.04.018.
A significant percentage of fatal vehicle crashes involve loss of control (LOC). Electronic stability control (ESC) is an active safety system that detects impending LOC and activates counter-measures that help the driver maintain or re-gain control. To assess the effectiveness of ESC in preventing LOC, an empirical study was conducted on a high-fidelity driving simulator. The ESC systems for two vehicles were incorporated into the simulator's dynamics code which was calibrated to ensure engineering validation. The study utilized three scenarios designed to recreate typical LOC situations, and was designed to assess the effects of ESC presence, vehicle type, scenario, age and gender. A total of 120 research participants completed the study. Results showed a statistically significant reduction in LOC with ESC compared to without ESC (F=52.72, p<0.0001). The study findings of 5% LOC with ESC and 30% without ESC match several epidemiological studies that have analyzed ESC effectiveness on real-world crashes, providing strong support to the use of driving simulation for studying driver behavior. Study conclusions suggest that wide-spread utilization of ESC is likely to reduce traffic fatalities.
相当大比例的致命车辆碰撞涉及失去控制（LOC）。电子稳定控制系统（ESC）是一种主动安全系统，可检测到即将发生的 LOC 并激活有助于驾驶员保持或重新获得控制的对策。为了评估 ESC 在预防 LOC 方面的有效性，在高保真驾驶模拟器上进行了一项实证研究。两辆汽车的 ESC 系统被纳入模拟器的动态代码中，该代码经过校准以确保工程验证。该研究利用了三个旨在重现典型 LOC 情况的场景，旨在评估 ESC 存在、车辆类型、场景、年龄和性别对车辆的影响。共有 120 名研究参与者完成了这项研究。结果表明，与没有 ESC 的情况相比，ESC 可显著降低 LOC 的发生率（F=52.72，p<0.0001）。与没有 ESC 的 30%相比，有 ESC 的 LOC 发生率为 5%，这与分析了现实世界中 ESC 有效性的几项流行病学研究结果相吻合，为使用驾驶模拟研究驾驶员行为提供了有力支持。研究结论表明，广泛使用 ESC 可能会降低交通死亡人数。
