University of Notre Dame, USA.
J Pers. 2011 Oct;79(5):1081-112. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-6494.2011.00716.x.
A common method of studying cross-situational variation in personality involves asking people to describe their behavior in several different contexts. Although this approach is intuitively appealing, it introduces a great deal of redundancy into the measurement process and may affect the interpretation of contextualized self-reports. Specifically, when participants are asked the same questions repeatedly in a single questionnaire, they may be compelled to focus on how their behavior is different. We tested this hypothesis by experimentally manipulating the number of contexts that were included in a measure of role-related personality. In 2 experiments (Study 1 N=377, Study 2 N=524), we found that multiple-role questionnaires produced greater variation in trait levels across roles, larger differences between general and role-specific ratings, and weaker correlations between general and role-specific ratings than single-role questionnaires. These findings illustrate how the measurement process can have an effect on the variability of responses to contextualized self-reports.
一种研究人格跨情境变化的常见方法是要求人们在几个不同的情境中描述自己的行为。虽然这种方法直观上很有吸引力，但它在测量过程中引入了大量的冗余，可能会影响对情境化自我报告的解释。具体来说，当参与者在一个单一的问卷中被反复问到相同的问题时，他们可能会被迫关注自己的行为有何不同。我们通过实验操纵了角色相关人格测量中包含的情境数量来检验这一假设。在 2 项实验中（研究 1：N=377；研究 2：N=524），我们发现，多角色问卷在角色之间的特质水平上产生了更大的变化，在一般和角色特定评分之间产生了更大的差异，以及在一般和角色特定评分之间的相关性更弱。这些发现说明了测量过程如何对情境化自我报告的反应的可变性产生影响。
