Zhao J F, Kiyohara H, Yamada H, Takemoto N, Kawamura H
Oriental Medicine Research Center of the Kitasato Institute, Tokyo, Japan.
Carbohydr Res. 1991 Oct 14;219:149-72. doi: 10.1016/0008-6215(91)89049-l.
Two anti-complementary polysaccharide fractions (GR-2IIa and GR-2IIb), isolated from the roots of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch et D.C., each gave five anti-complementary polysaccharides (GR-2IIa-1-5 and GR-2IIb-1-5) on h.p.l.c.; likewise, GR-2IIc gave two anti-complementary and mitogenic polysaccharides (GR-2IIc-1-2A and -2IIc-2) by gel filtration and h.p.l.c. GR-2IIc-1-2A showed the most potent anti-complementary activity. GR-2IIa-1-5 and GR-2IIb-1-5 contained 40-85% and 50-90% of GalA, respectively, in addition to Rha, Ara, and Gal. GR-2IIc-1-2A and -2IIc-2 mainly comprised Glc, Gal, GalA, and GlcA in addition to Rha, Fuc, Xyl, Ara, and Man. Methylation analysis and digestion with endo-alpha-(1----4)-polygalacturonase indicated that all of the polysaccharides contained polygalacturonan regions which were frequently methyl-esterified. GR-2II-a, -2IIb, and -2IIc gave enzyme-resistant fractions of large and intermediate sizes, in addition to oligogalacturonides. Each large fraction from GR-2IIa and -2IIb consisted mainly of Ara, Gal, and GalA, whereas the intermediate fractions were composed of small proportions of 2-Me-Fuc, 2-Me-Xyl, and apiose (Api), in addition to Rha, Ara, Gal, and GalA. The large fraction from GR-2IIc mainly contained Rha, Man, Gal, and GalA in addition to Fuc, Ara, Xyl, and Glc, whereas the intermediate fraction consisted of 2-Me-Fuc, 2-Me-Xyl, and Api, in addition to Rha, Ara, GalA, Fuc, Xyl, Man, Gal, and Glc. Base-catalysed beta-elimination followed by ethylation indicated that all the polysaccharides except GR-2IIc-2 contained a 4-linked uronic acid attached to position 2 of 2,4-linked Rha. Single radial gel diffusion, using the beta-D-glucosyl-Yariv antigen, indicated that GR-2IIa-1 and GR-2IIc-2 contained relatively large proportions of (1----3,6)-beta-D-galactan moieties. The anti-complementary activities of GR-2IIa-3, GR-2IIa-4, and GR-2IIb-4 decreased after de-esterification followed by digestion with endo-alpha-(1----4)-polygalacturonase. The large fractions from GR-2IIa-2IIc showed more potent anti-complementary activities than the original polysaccharide fractions, whereas the intermediate fractions and oligogalacturonides were inactive. The large fraction from GR-2IIc had more potent mitogenic activity than GR-2IIc, whereas the intermediate fraction and oligogalacturonides from GR-2IIc were inactive.
从甘草（Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch et D.C.）根部分离得到的两种抗补体多糖组分（GR-2IIa和GR-2IIb），经高效液相色谱（h.p.l.c.）分析，各得到5种抗补体多糖（GR-2IIa-1-5和GR-2IIb-1-5）；同样，GR-2IIc经凝胶过滤和高效液相色谱分析得到两种抗补体且有促有丝分裂活性的多糖（GR-2IIc-1-2A和-2IIc-2）。GR-2IIc-1-2A表现出最强的抗补体活性。GR-2IIa-1-5和GR-2IIb-1-5除含有鼠李糖（Rha）、阿拉伯糖（Ara）和半乳糖（Gal）外，还分别含有40%-85%和50%-90%的半乳糖醛酸（GalA）。GR-2IIc-1-2A和-2IIc-2除含有鼠李糖、岩藻糖（Fuc）、木糖（Xyl）、阿拉伯糖和甘露糖（Man）外，主要由葡萄糖（Glc）、半乳糖、半乳糖醛酸和葡萄糖醛酸（GlcA）组成。甲基化分析和用内切α-(1→4)-聚半乳糖醛酸酶消化表明，所有多糖均含有经常被甲基酯化的聚半乳糖醛酸区域。GR-2II-a、-2IIb和-2IIc除低聚半乳糖醛酸外，还产生了大小不同的抗酶解组分。GR-2IIa和-2IIb的每个大分子组分主要由阿拉伯糖、半乳糖和半乳糖醛酸组成，而中间组分除含有鼠李糖、阿拉伯糖、半乳糖和半乳糖醛酸外，还含有少量的2-甲基岩藻糖、2-甲基木糖和芹糖（Api）。GR-2IIc的大分子组分除含有岩藻糖、阿拉伯糖、木糖和葡萄糖外，主要含有鼠李糖、甘露糖、半乳糖和半乳糖醛酸，而中间组分除含有鼠李糖、阿拉伯糖、半乳糖醛酸、岩藻糖、木糖、甘露糖、半乳糖和葡萄糖外，还含有2-甲基岩藻糖、2-甲基木糖和芹糖。碱催化β-消除反应后进行乙基化反应表明，除GR-2IIc-2外，所有多糖均含有一个连接在2,4-连接的鼠李糖2位上的4-连接糖醛酸。使用β-D-葡萄糖基-Yariv抗原进行的单向放射状凝胶扩散实验表明，GR-2IIa-1和GR-2IIc-2含有相对较大比例的(1→3,6)-β-D-半乳聚糖部分。GR-2IIa-3、GR-2IIa-4和GR-2IIb-4经脱酯后用内切α-(1→4)-聚半乳糖醛酸酶消化，其抗补体活性降低。GR-2IIa-2IIc的大分子组分比原始多糖组分表现出更强的抗补体活性，而中间组分和低聚半乳糖醛酸无活性。GR-2IIc的大分子组分比GR-2IIc具有更强的促有丝分裂活性，而GR-2IIc的中间组分和低聚半乳糖醛酸无活性。
