Duesterdieck-Zellmer Katja F
Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract. 2007 Dec;23(3):613-29, vi. doi: 10.1016/j.cveq.2007.09.003.
The prevalence of equine urolithiasis has been estimated to be low. In horses with clinical signs of urolithiasis, uroliths are most commonly encountered in the urinary bladder, but it is not uncommon to detect uroliths in more than one location. The most common clinical signs for cystic calculi are urine scalding of the hind limbs, hematuria, tenesmus and dysuria. Numerous surgical techniques and approaches have been described for the treatment of urolithiasis in horses; however, independent of which approach is chosen, the goal should be to remove all calculi completely from the urinary tract, thus decreasing the chance of recurrence of urolithiasis. Laser lithotripsy and shock wave lithotripsy represent means to fragment uroliths with little morbidity, but limited availability of and costs associated with the equipment have precluded these technologies from being used more commonly in horses.
马尿路结石的患病率估计较低。在有尿路结石临床症状的马匹中，尿路结石最常出现在膀胱，但在多个部位检测到尿路结石的情况也并不少见。膀胱结石最常见的临床症状是后肢尿液烫伤、血尿、里急后重和排尿困难。已经描述了许多用于治疗马尿路结石的手术技术和方法；然而，无论选择哪种方法，目标都应该是将所有结石从尿路中完全清除，从而降低尿路结石复发的几率。激光碎石术和冲击波碎石术是使尿路结石破碎且发病率较低的方法，但设备的可用性有限以及相关成本使得这些技术在马匹中未能更广泛地应用。
