Guzeloglu-Kayisli Ozlem, Basar Murat, Arici Aydin
Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8063, USA.
Reprod Biomed Online. 2007 Dec;15(6):728-39. doi: 10.1016/s1472-6483(10)60541-x.
Implantation, a critical step for establishing pregnancy, requires molecular and cellular events resulting in healthy uterine growth and differentiation, blastocyst adhesion, invasion and placental formation. Successful implantation requires a receptive endometrium, a normal and functional embryo at the blastocyst stage and a synchronized dialogue between maternal and embryonic tissues. In addition to the main role of sex steroids, the complexity of embryo implantation and placentation is exemplified by the number of cytokines and growth factors with demonstrated roles in these processes. Disturbances of the normal expression and action of these cytokines result in absolute or partial failure of implantation and abnormal placental formation in mice and humans. Members of the gp130 cytokine family, interleukin (IL)-11 and leukaemia inhibitory factor, the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily, colony-stimulating factors, and the IL-1 and IL-15 systems are all crucial for successful implantation. In addition, chemokines are important both in recruiting specific cohorts of leukocytes to the implantation site, and in trophoblast trafficking and differentiation. This review provides discussion on embryonic and uterine factors that are involved in the process of implantation in autocrine, paracrine and/or juxtacrine manners at hormonal, cellular, and molecular levels.
着床是建立妊娠的关键步骤，需要分子和细胞层面的一系列事件，以实现子宫的健康生长与分化、囊胚黏附、侵袭及胎盘形成。成功着床需要具备接受性的子宫内膜、处于囊胚阶段的正常且功能完好的胚胎，以及母体和胚胎组织之间的同步对话。除了性类固醇的主要作用外，细胞因子和生长因子在这些过程中发挥作用的数量也体现了胚胎着床和胎盘形成的复杂性。这些细胞因子正常表达和作用的紊乱会导致小鼠和人类着床绝对或部分失败以及胎盘形成异常。gp130细胞因子家族成员、白细胞介素（IL）-11和白血病抑制因子、转化生长因子-β超家族、集落刺激因子以及IL-1和IL-15系统对于成功着床均至关重要。此外，趋化因子在将特定白细胞群募集到着床部位以及滋养层细胞迁移和分化过程中都发挥着重要作用。本综述从激素、细胞和分子水平，以自分泌、旁分泌和/或近分泌方式，对参与着床过程的胚胎和子宫因素进行了讨论。
