Newman George E, Herrmann Patricia, Wynn Karen, Keil Frank C
Yale University, 2 Hillhouse Avenue, New Haven, CT 06520 USA.
Cognition. 2008 May;107(2):420-32. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2007.10.006. Epub 2007 Dec 19.
This paper reports the results of two sets of studies demonstrating 14-month-olds' tendency to associate an object's behavior with internal, rather than external features. In Experiment 1 infants were familiarized to two animated cats that each exhibited a different style of self-generated motion. Infants then saw a novel individual that had an internal feature (stomach color) similar to one cat, but an external feature (hat color) similar to the other. Infants looked reliably longer when the individual's motion was congruent with the hat than when it was congruent with the stomach. Using a converging method involving object choice, Experiment 2 found that infants prioritized the internal feature over the external feature only when the object's behavior was self-generated. In the absence of self-generated behaviors, however, infants did not show a preference towards the internal feature.
本文报告了两组研究的结果，这些研究表明14个月大的婴儿倾向于将物体的行为与内部特征而非外部特征联系起来。在实验1中，婴儿熟悉了两只动画猫，每只猫都表现出不同风格的自我产生的运动。然后，婴儿看到了一个新的个体，它的内部特征（肚子颜色）与一只猫相似，但外部特征（帽子颜色）与另一只猫相似。当个体的运动与帽子一致时，婴儿注视的时间比与肚子一致时可靠地更长。实验2采用了一种涉及物体选择的趋同方法，发现只有当物体的行为是自我产生时，婴儿才会优先考虑内部特征而非外部特征。然而，在没有自我产生行为的情况下，婴儿并没有表现出对内部特征的偏好。
