基于尼泊尔奇旺和纳瓦尔帕拉西县实地调查的蛇咬伤流行病学
Epidemiology of snakebites based on field survey in Chitwan and Nawalparasi districts, Nepal.
作者信息
Pandey Deb Prasad
机构信息
Birendra Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University, Bharatpur, Chitwan, Nepal.
出版信息
J Med Toxicol. 2007 Dec;3(4):164-8. doi: 10.1007/BF03160933.
INTRODUCTION
Snake envenomation is a major public health issue in the rural tropics, but there is no accurate figure of incidence of snakebite. Few studies have looked at the epidemiology of venomous snakebite in Nepal.
METHODS
Using data collection sheets, enumerators randomly sampled, visited, and interrogated 20% of the population from each district.
RESULTS
Of the 2,186 snakebite cases studied in two districts from April to September 2005, 66% were from Nawalparasi and 34% from Chitwan. 54% were males. 56% of patients consulted traditional healers. Most bites occurred in those 10-20 years of age and in those engaged in outdoor and agricultural (farmers) activities, but I should note that 15% occurred during sleep. Extremity bites accounted for 94%, with 66% in the lower extremities and 28% in the upper extremities. Of the total cases, 58% were nonenvenomations and 42% were envenomations. Of the total venomous cases, 27% died; which is 12% of the total snakebites (2,186). The majority of bites occurred in the summer.
CONCLUSIONS
This epidemiological study vividly depicted the health hazards of snakebites in two areas of rural Nepal.
引言
蛇咬伤是热带农村地区的一个主要公共卫生问题，但目前尚无准确的蛇咬伤发病率数据。很少有研究关注尼泊尔毒蛇咬伤的流行病学情况。
方法
调查员使用数据收集表，从每个地区随机抽取20%的人口进行走访和询问。
结果
在2005年4月至9月对两个地区研究的2186例蛇咬伤病例中，66%来自纳瓦尔帕拉西县，34%来自奇特旺县。54%为男性。56%的患者咨询了传统治疗师。大多数咬伤发生在10至20岁的人群以及从事户外和农业（农民）活动的人群中，但需要注意的是，15%的咬伤发生在睡眠期间。四肢咬伤占94%，其中下肢咬伤占66%，上肢咬伤占28%。在所有病例中，58%为无毒蛇咬伤，42%为有毒蛇咬伤。在所有有毒蛇咬伤病例中，27%死亡；占总蛇咬伤病例（2186例）的12%。大多数咬伤发生在夏季。
结论
这项流行病学研究生动地描绘了尼泊尔农村两个地区蛇咬伤的健康危害。
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