Gallus Silvano, Foschi Roberto, Talamini Renato, Altieri Andrea, Negri Eva, Franceschi Silvia, Montella Maurizio, Dal Maso Luigino, Ramazzotti Valerio, La Vecchia Carlo
Department of Epidemiology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy.
Urology. 2007 Dec;70(6):1121-6. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2007.07.020.
To analyze the relationship between selected risk factors and prostate cancer risk in men younger than 60 years, using data from a large, multicenter, case-control study conducted in Italy.
Cases were 219 patients, aged 45 to 59 years, with histologically confirmed prostate cancer, and controls were 431 men of the same age group, admitted in hospital for acute, non-neoplastic diseases.
A family history of prostate cancer (odds ratio [OR] = 5.5), brain cancer (OR = 3.7), and leukemia (OR = 6.2) were associated with prostate cancer risk. A significantly increased risk was found for high education level (OR = 3.3 for 12 or more years versus less than 7 years) and a decreased risk for physical activity (OR = 0.5 for active versus inactive). Coffee consumption was directly associated with risk of prostate cancer (OR = 1.9 for the third versus the first tertile). Bread consumption was directly related (OR = 1.6) and consumption of raw and total vegetables inversely related (OR = 0.6) to prostate cancer risk, although these associations were of borderline significance. No association emerged with marital status, body mass index, history of diabetes, alcohol drinking, and other considered foods.
This study confirms that some recognized risk factors, including family history of prostate cancer, high level of education, and low physical activity, are associated with prostate cancer risk in middle-aged men.
利用在意大利开展的一项大型多中心病例对照研究的数据，分析60岁以下男性中选定风险因素与前列腺癌风险之间的关系。
病例为219例年龄在45至59岁之间、经组织学确诊为前列腺癌的患者，对照为431例同年龄组因急性非肿瘤性疾病入院的男性。
前列腺癌家族史（比值比[OR]=5.5）、脑癌（OR=3.7）和白血病（OR=6.2）与前列腺癌风险相关。发现高学历者风险显著增加（12年或以上与少于7年相比，OR=3.3），而体力活动者风险降低（活动与不活动相比，OR=0.5）。咖啡消费与前列腺癌风险直接相关（第三分位与第一分位相比，OR=1.9）。面包消费与前列腺癌风险直接相关（OR=1.6），而生蔬菜和蔬菜总消费量与前列腺癌风险呈负相关（OR=0.6），尽管这些关联的显著性接近临界值。婚姻状况、体重指数、糖尿病史、饮酒及其他所考虑的食物未显示出相关性。
本研究证实，一些公认的风险因素，包括前列腺癌家族史、高学历和低体力活动，与中年男性的前列腺癌风险相关。
