Fox Julie D
Provincial Laboratory for Public Health (Microbiology), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
J Clin Virol. 2007 Nov;40 Suppl 1:S15-23. doi: 10.1016/S1386-6532(07)70005-7.
Nucleic acid amplification tests (NATs) are increasingly being used for diagnosis of respiratory virus infections. The most familiar formats use DNA or RNA target amplification methods for enhanced sensitivity above culture and antigen-based procedures. Although gel and plate-hybridisation methods are still utilised for analysis of amplified products, detection using "real-time" methods which do not require handling of amplified products are favoured in many laboratories. Assays based on nucleic acid amplification and detection can be designed against a broad range of respiratory viruses and have been particularly useful for detection of recently identified viruses such as human metapneumovirus and coronaviruses NL63 and HKU1. However, the wide range of potential pathogens which can cause similar respiratory symptomology and disease makes application of individual diagnostic assays based on detection of DNA and RNA both complex and expensive. One way to resolve this potential problem is to undertake multiplexed nucleic acid amplification reactions with analysis of amplified products by suspension microarray. The Respiratory Virus Panel (RVP) from Luminex Molecular Diagnostics is one example of such an approach which could be made available to diagnostic and public health laboratories for broad spectrum respiratory virus detection.
核酸扩增检测（NATs）越来越多地用于呼吸道病毒感染的诊断。最常见的形式使用DNA或RNA靶标扩增方法，以提高灵敏度，优于培养法和基于抗原的检测方法。尽管凝胶和板杂交方法仍用于分析扩增产物，但许多实验室更倾向于使用不需要处理扩增产物的“实时”方法进行检测。基于核酸扩增和检测的检测方法可以针对多种呼吸道病毒进行设计，对于检测最近发现的病毒，如人偏肺病毒以及冠状病毒NL63和HKU1特别有用。然而，能够引起相似呼吸道症状和疾病的潜在病原体种类繁多，这使得基于DNA和RNA检测的单个诊断检测方法的应用既复杂又昂贵。解决这一潜在问题的一种方法是进行多重核酸扩增反应，并通过悬浮微阵列分析扩增产物。Luminex分子诊断公司的呼吸道病毒检测板（RVP）就是这种方法的一个例子，可提供给诊断和公共卫生实验室用于广谱呼吸道病毒检测。
