Goetzel Ron Z, Ozminkowski Ronald J
Department of Health and Productivity Research, Thomson Healthcare, Washington, DC 20008, USA.
Annu Rev Public Health. 2008;29:303-23. doi: 10.1146/annurev.publhealth.29.020907.090930.
We review the state of the art in work site health promotion (WHP), focusing on factors that influence the health and productivity of workers. We begin by defining WHP, then review the literature that addresses the business rationale for it, as well as the objections and barriers that may prevent sufficient investment in WHP. Despite methodological limitations in many available studies, the results in the literature suggest that, when properly designed, WHP can increase employees' health and productivity. We describe the characteristics of effective programs including their ability to assess the need for services, attract participants, use behavioral theory as a foundation, incorporate multiple ways to reach people, and make efforts to measure program impact. Promising practices are noted including senior management support for and participation in these programs. A very important challenge is widespread dissemination of information regarding success factors because only approximately 7% of employers use all the program components required for successful interventions. The need for more and better science when evaluating program outcomes is highlighted. Federal initiatives that support cost-benefit or cost-effectiveness analyses are stressed, as is the need to invest in healthy work environments, to complement individual based interventions.
我们回顾了工作场所健康促进（WHP）的最新状况，重点关注影响员工健康和生产力的因素。我们首先对WHP进行定义，然后回顾阐述其商业原理的文献，以及可能阻碍对WHP进行充分投资的反对意见和障碍。尽管许多现有研究存在方法上的局限性，但文献中的结果表明，设计得当的WHP可以提高员工的健康水平和生产力。我们描述了有效项目的特征，包括其评估服务需求、吸引参与者、以行为理论为基础、采用多种方式接触人群以及努力衡量项目影响的能力。还提到了一些有前景的做法，包括高级管理层对这些项目的支持和参与。一个非常重要的挑战是广泛传播有关成功因素的信息，因为只有约7%的雇主采用成功干预所需的所有项目组成部分。强调了在评估项目成果时需要更多更好的科学研究。强调了支持成本效益或成本效果分析的联邦举措，以及投资于健康工作环境以补充基于个人的干预措施的必要性。
