按行业和职业划分的因就业导致的听力困难：对1997年至2003年美国国家健康访谈调查的分析
Hearing difficulty attributable to employment by industry and occupation: an analysis of the National Health Interview Survey--United States, 1997 to 2003.
作者信息
Tak SangWoo, Calvert Geoffrey M
机构信息
Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations, and Field Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA.
出版信息
J Occup Environ Med. 2008 Jan;50(1):46-56. doi: 10.1097/JOM.0b013e3181579316.
OBJECTIVE
To estimate the national burden of hearing difficulty among workers in US industries and occupations.
METHODS
Data on 130,102 employed National Health Interview Survey respondents between the ages of 18 to 65 years who were interviewed between 1997 and 2003 were analyzed to estimate the population prevalence, adjusted prevalence ratios, and fractions of hearing difficulty attributable to employment.
RESULTS
The estimated population prevalence of hearing difficulty was 11.4% (24% attributable to employment). The adjusted prevalence ratios of hearing difficulty were highest for railroads, mining, and primary metal manufacturing industry. Occupations with increased risk of hearing difficulty were mechanics/repairers, machine operators, and transportation equipment operators.
CONCLUSIONS
Hearing difficulty was differentially distributed across various industries. In industries with high rates, employers and workers should take preventive action to reduce the risk of occupational hearing loss.
目的
评估美国各行业及职业中工人听力障碍的全国负担。
方法
对1997年至2003年间接受访谈的130102名年龄在18至65岁之间的在职国家健康访谈调查受访者的数据进行分析，以估计总体患病率、调整后的患病率比值以及因工作导致听力障碍的比例。
结果
估计听力障碍的总体患病率为11.4%（其中24%归因于工作）。铁路、采矿和初级金属制造业的听力障碍调整患病率比值最高。听力障碍风险增加的职业包括机械师/修理工、机器操作员和运输设备操作员。
结论
听力障碍在不同行业中分布存在差异。在患病率高的行业中，雇主和工人应采取预防措施以降低职业性听力损失的风险。
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