Arduino Paolo G, Porter Stephen R
Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Oral Medicine Section, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
J Oral Pathol Med. 2008 Feb;37(2):107-21. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2007.00586.x.
Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 (HSV-1) is a nuclear replicating enveloped virus, usually acquired through direct contact with infected lesions or body fluids (typically saliva). The prevalence of HSV-1 infection increases progressively from childhood, the seroprevalence being inversely related to socioeconomic background. Primary HSV-1 infections in children are either asymptomatic or following an incubation period of about 1 week gives rise to mucocutaneous vesicular eruptions. Herpetic gingivostomatitis typically affects the tongue, lips, gingival, buccal mucosa and the hard and soft palate. Most primary oro-facial HSV infection is caused by HSV-1, infection by HSV-2 is increasingly common. Recurrent infections, which occur at variable intervals, typically give rise to vesiculo-ulcerative lesions at mucocutaneous junctions particularly the lips (herpes labialis). Recurrent HSV-1 infection within the mouth is uncommon in otherwise healthy patients, although in immunocompromised patients, recurrent infection can be more extensive and/or aggressive. The diagnosis of common herpetic infection can usually be based upon the clinical history and presenting features. Confirmatory laboratory diagnosis is, however, required when patients are, or may be, immunocompromised.
单纯疱疹病毒1型（HSV-1）是一种在细胞核内复制的包膜病毒，通常通过直接接触感染性损伤或体液（通常为唾液）获得。HSV-1感染的患病率从儿童期开始逐渐上升，血清阳性率与社会经济背景呈负相关。儿童原发性HSV-1感染要么无症状，要么在约1周的潜伏期后引发黏膜皮肤水疱疹。疱疹性龈口炎通常影响舌头、嘴唇、牙龈、颊黏膜以及硬腭和软腭。大多数原发性口面部HSV感染由HSV-1引起，HSV-2感染越来越常见。复发性感染间隔时间不一，通常在黏膜皮肤交界处尤其是嘴唇（唇疱疹）引发水疱溃疡性病变。在其他方面健康的患者中，口腔内复发性HSV-1感染并不常见，不过在免疫功能低下的患者中，复发性感染可能更广泛和/或更具侵袭性。常见疱疹感染的诊断通常可基于临床病史和表现特征。然而，当患者处于或可能处于免疫功能低下状态时，则需要实验室确诊。
