Hankamer Ben, Lehr Florian, Rupprecht Jens, Mussgnug Jan H, Posten Clemens, Kruse Olaf
Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, St Lucia Campus, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.
Physiol Plant. 2007 Sep;131(1):10-21. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-3054.2007.00924.x.
The development of clean borderless fuels is of vital importance to human and environmental health and global prosperity. Currently, fuels make up approximately 67% of the global energy market (total market = 15 TW year(-1)) (Hoffert et al. 1998). In contrast, global electricity demand accounts for only 33% (Hoffert et al. 1998). Yet, despite the importance of fuels, almost all CO(2) free energy production systems under development are designed to drive electricity generation (e.g. clean-coal technology, nuclear, photovoltaic, wind, geothermal, wave and hydroelectric). In contrast, and indeed almost uniquely, biofuels also target the much larger fuel market and so in the future will play an increasingly important role in maintaining energy security (Lal 2005). Currently, the main biofuels that are at varying stages of development include bio-ethanol, liquid carbohydrates [e.g. biodiesel or biomass to liquid (BTL) products], biomethane and bio-H(2). This review is focused on placing bio-H(2) production processes into the context of the current biofuels market and summarizing advances made both at the level of bioengineering and bioreactor design.
清洁无边界燃料的开发对人类和环境健康以及全球繁荣至关重要。目前，燃料约占全球能源市场的67%（总市场 = 15太瓦年(-1)）（霍夫特等人，1998年）。相比之下，全球电力需求仅占33%（霍夫特等人，1998年）。然而，尽管燃料很重要，但几乎所有正在开发的无二氧化碳能源生产系统都旨在驱动发电（例如清洁煤技术、核能、光伏、风能、地热能、波浪能和水力发电）。相比之下，而且几乎是独一无二的，生物燃料也瞄准了规模大得多的燃料市场，因此在未来将在维护能源安全方面发挥越来越重要的作用（拉尔，2005年）。目前，处于不同开发阶段的主要生物燃料包括生物乙醇、液态碳水化合物[例如生物柴油或生物质制液体（BTL）产品]、生物甲烷和生物氢。本综述的重点是将生物氢生产过程置于当前生物燃料市场的背景下，并总结在生物工程和生物反应器设计层面取得的进展。
