Rappold V A, Hashtroudi S
Department of Psychology, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052.
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 1991 Jan;17(1):103-14. doi: 10.1037//0278-7393.17.1.103.
In five experiments, the effects of organization on implicit memory or priming tests were compared with its effects on the explicit memory tests of free and cued recall. Organization was manipulated by varying list structure (blocked vs. random presentation of categorized items) and by instructions. The results showed that organization had parallel effects on the category-production priming test and free- and cued-recall tests; performance was enhanced by organization on both types of tests. It was also demonstrated that the effect of organization on priming was limited to the category-production test and was not obtained with the word-identification priming test. These results suggest that performance on implicit and explicit memory tests is similarly affected by experimental manipulations when both types of tests rely on conceptually driven processing. In addition, performance on two implicit tests is dissociated when one test relies on conceptually driven processing and the other on data-driven processing.
在五项实验中，将组织对内隐记忆或启动测试的影响与其对自由回忆和线索回忆的外显记忆测试的影响进行了比较。通过改变列表结构（分类项目的分组呈现与随机呈现）和指导语来操纵组织。结果表明，组织对类别生成启动测试以及自由回忆和线索回忆测试具有平行效应；在这两种类型的测试中，组织都提高了表现。还证明了组织对启动的影响仅限于类别生成测试，而在单词识别启动测试中未获得该影响。这些结果表明，当两种类型的测试都依赖概念驱动加工时，内隐和外显记忆测试的表现受到实验操纵的影响类似。此外，当一项内隐测试依赖概念驱动加工而另一项依赖数据驱动加工时，两项内隐测试的表现会出现分离。
