Damm Ulrike, Crous Pedro W, Fourie Paul H
Department of Plant Pathology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa.
Mycologia. 2007 Sep-Oct;99(5):664-80. doi: 10.3852/mycologia.99.5.664.
Botryosphaeriaceae are common dieback and canker pathogens of woody host plants, including stone fruit trees. In the present study the diversity of members of the Botryosphaeriaceae isolated from symptomatic wood of Prunus species (plum, peach, nectarine and apricot) was determined in stone fruit-growing areas in South Africa. Morphological and cultural characteristics as well as DNA sequence data (5.8S rDNA, ITS-1, ITS-2 and EF-1a) were used to identify known members and describe novel members of Botryosphaeriaceae. From the total number of wood samples collected (258) 67 isolates of Botryosphaeriaceae were obtained, from which eight species were identified. All species were associated with wood necrosis. Diplodia seriata (= "Botryosphaeria" obtusa) was dominant, and present on all four Prunus species sampled, followed by Neofusicoccum vitifusiforme and N. australe. First reports from Prunus spp. include N. vitifusiforme, Dothiorella viticola and Diplodia pinea. This is also the first report of D. mutila from South Africa. Two species are newly described, namely Lasiodiplodia plurivora sp. nov. from P. salicina and Diplodia africana sp. nov. from P. persica. All species, except Dothiorella viticola, caused lesions on green nectarine and/or plum shoots in a detached shoot pathogenicity assay.
葡萄座腔菌科是木本寄主植物（包括核果类果树）常见的枝枯和溃疡病菌。在本研究中，对从南非核果种植区的李属物种（李子、桃子、油桃和杏子）有症状的木材中分离出的葡萄座腔菌科成员的多样性进行了测定。利用形态学和培养特征以及DNA序列数据（5.8S rDNA、ITS-1、ITS-2和EF-1a）来鉴定葡萄座腔菌科的已知成员并描述新成员。从采集的总共258份木材样本中获得了67株葡萄座腔菌科菌株，从中鉴定出8个物种。所有物种都与木材坏死有关。壳梭孢（=“葡萄座腔菌属”钝壳梭孢）占主导地位，在所有四个采样的李属物种上均有出现，其次是葡萄生新黑腐皮壳菌和南方新黑腐皮壳菌。李属物种的首次报道包括葡萄生新黑腐皮壳菌、葡萄座腔菌和松色二孢。这也是南非首次报道残损色二孢。新描述了两个物种，即来自李的多孢间座壳孢新种和来自桃的非洲色二孢新种。在离体嫩枝致病性试验中，除葡萄座腔菌外，所有物种都在青油桃和/或李嫩枝上引起了病斑。
