Salonikidis Konstantinos, Zafeiridis Andreas
Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Aristotelio University of Thessaloniki, Serres, Greece.
J Strength Cond Res. 2008 Jan;22(1):182-91. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e31815f57ad.
Reaction time, first-step quickness, lateral (side steps), and forward speed over short distances are important parameters for tennis performance. The aims of this study were: (i) to diagnose the presence of laterality in tennis lateral movements and (ii) to compare the effects of plyometric training (PT), tennis-specific drills training (TDT), and combined training (CT) on performance in tennis-specific movements and power/strength of lower limbs. Sixty-four novice tennis players (21.1 +/- 1.3 years) were equally (n = 16) assigned to a control (C), PT, TDT, or CT. Training was performed 3 times/week for 9 weeks. Testing was conducted before and after training for the evaluation of reaction time (single lateral step), 4-m lateral and forward sprints, 12-m forward sprints with and without turn, reactive ability, power, and strength. There was a significant difference in lateral speed (side-steps) between the 2 sides (P < 0.05). PT, TDT, or CT improved the 4m lateral and forward sprints (P < 0.05). PT and CT improved also the reaction time of the "slow" side (P < 0.05), whereas TDT and CT improved the 12-m sprint performances with and without turn (P < 0.05). Power and strength improved in most tests after PT and CT. Lateral and forward sprints were correlated (r = -0.50 to -0.75; P < 0.05) with power/strength. In conclusion, PT improved fitness characteristics that rely more on reactive strength and powerful push-off of legs such as, lateral reaction time, 4-m lateral and forward sprints, drop jump and maximal force. TDT improved all 4-m and 12-m sprint performances, whereas CT appeared to incorporate the advantage of both programs and improved most tests items. Tennis coaches should be aware that each training regimen may induce more favorable changes to different aspects of fitness.
反应时间、第一步的敏捷性、横向（侧步）以及短距离内的前进速度是网球运动表现的重要参数。本研究的目的是：（i）诊断网球横向移动中是否存在偏侧性，以及（ii）比较增强式训练（PT）、网球专项练习训练（TDT）和综合训练（CT）对网球专项动作表现以及下肢力量/功率的影响。64名新手网球运动员（21.1±1.3岁）被平均（n = 16）分配到对照组（C）、PT组、TDT组或CT组。训练每周进行3次，共9周。在训练前后进行测试，以评估反应时间（单侧向步）、4米横向和向前冲刺、12米有转弯和无转弯的向前冲刺、反应能力、功率和力量。两侧之间的横向速度（侧步）存在显著差异（P < 0.05）。PT、TDT或CT改善了4米横向和向前冲刺（P < 0.05）。PT和CT也改善了“较慢”一侧的反应时间（P < 0.05），而TDT和CT改善了12米有转弯和无转弯的冲刺表现（P < 0.05）。PT和CT后，大多数测试中的功率和力量都有所提高。横向和向前冲刺与功率/力量相关（r = -0.50至-0.75；P < 0.05）。总之，PT改善了更多依赖反应力量和腿部有力蹬地的体能特征，如横向反应时间、4米横向和向前冲刺、纵跳和最大力量。TDT改善了所有4米和12米的冲刺表现，而CT似乎融合了两种训练方案的优势，改善了大多数测试项目。网球教练应意识到，每种训练方案可能会对体能的不同方面产生更有利的变化。
