Hayes Maria, Carney Brian, Slater John, Brück Wolfram
Centre of Applied Marine Biotechnology (CAMBio), Letterkenny Institute of Technology, Port Road, Letterkenny, Co. Donegal, Ireland.
Biotechnol J. 2008 Jul;3(7):871-7. doi: 10.1002/biot.200700197.
Legal restrictions, high costs and environmental problems regarding the disposal of marine processing wastes have led to amplified interest in biotechnology research concerning the identification and extraction of additional high grade, low-volume by-products produced from shellfish waste treatments. Shellfish waste consisting of crustacean exoskeletons is currently the main source of biomass for chitin production. Chitin is a polysaccharide composed of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine units and the multidimensional utilization of chitin derivatives including chitosan, a deacetylated derivative of chitin, is due to a number of characteristics including: their polyelectrolyte and cationic nature, the presence of reactive groups, high adsorption capacities, bacteriostatic and fungistatic influences, making them very versatile biomolecules. Part A of this review aims to consolidate useful information concerning the methods used to extract and characterize chitin, chitosan and glucosamine obtained through industrial, microbial and enzymatic hydrolysis of shellfish waste.
海洋加工废弃物处理方面的法律限制、高昂成本和环境问题，引发了人们对生物技术研究的浓厚兴趣，该研究旨在识别和提取贝类废弃物处理过程中产生的其他高品位、低产量的副产品。由甲壳类动物外骨骼组成的贝类废弃物是目前几丁质生产的主要生物质来源。几丁质是一种由N-乙酰-D-葡萄糖胺单元组成的多糖，包括壳聚糖（几丁质的脱乙酰化衍生物）在内的几丁质衍生物的多维利用，归因于许多特性，包括：它们的聚电解质和阳离子性质、活性基团的存在、高吸附能力、抑菌和抑真菌作用，使其成为非常通用的生物分子。本综述的A部分旨在整合有关通过贝类废弃物的工业、微生物和酶水解获得的几丁质、壳聚糖和葡萄糖胺的提取和表征方法的有用信息。
