Siegel Jerome M
Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles and Neurobiology Research (151-A3), VA-GLAHS, North Hills, CA 91343, USA.
Trends Neurosci. 2008 Apr;31(4):208-13. doi: 10.1016/j.tins.2008.02.001. Epub 2008 Mar 6.
Some animals never exhibit a state that meets the behavioral definition of sleep. Others suspend or greatly reduce 'sleep' behavior for many weeks during the postpartum period or during seasonal migrations without any consequent 'sleep debt.' Rats die from one form of sleep deprivation, but sleep loss has not been shown to cause death in well-controlled studies in other vertebrate species. Some marine mammal species do not show evidence for REM sleep, and convincing evidence for this state in reptiles, fish and insects is lacking. The enormous variation in the nature of rest and sleep states across the animal kingdom and within the mammalian class has important implications for understanding the evolution and functions of sleep.
一些动物从未表现出符合睡眠行为定义的状态。另一些动物在产后期间或季节性迁徙期间会暂停或大幅减少“睡眠”行为达数周之久，却没有产生任何“睡眠债”。大鼠会因一种形式的睡眠剥夺而死亡，但在其他脊椎动物物种的严格对照研究中，睡眠缺失并未被证明会导致死亡。一些海洋哺乳动物物种没有快速眼动睡眠的证据，而在爬行动物、鱼类和昆虫中缺乏关于这种睡眠状态的令人信服的证据。动物界以及哺乳动物纲内休息和睡眠状态性质的巨大差异，对于理解睡眠的进化和功能具有重要意义。
